SEIJOM publishes in the domain such as HRM, OB, entrepreneurship, innovation, tourism management, business finance and business economics
Green Human Capital and Firms’ Sustainable Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Green human capital, Green competitive advantage, Green transformational leadership, Garment firms, ICV theory Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of green human capital (GHC) on firms’ sustainable performance (SP) with a particular focus on the mediating role of green competitive advantage (GCA) and moderating effect of green transformational leadership (green TFL) in the context of garment firms in Bangladesh. Methodology: Researchers collected data from 271 respondents using the questionnaire survey method. The partial least squares structural equation modeling approach was applied to analyze the data. Findings: The research findings revealed a significant positive correlation between GHC and firms’ SP. It also identified GHC as an essential antecedent of GCA. It was also revealed that GCA has a mediating role in the relationship between GHC and firms’ SP. Finally, while green TFL moderates the direct relationship between GHC and SP, the indirect relationship between GHC and SP through GCA is not moderated by it. Originality: This study contributes to the GHC literature in emerging markets by integrating theoretical perspectives with empirical evidence, offering nuanced insights into how GHC influences SP. Practical Implications: This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, highlighting the importance of developing and utilizing GHC in business operations to enhance SP by implementing green TFL style in the organization and achieving GCA in the market.
Copyright (c) 2025 Md. Johirul Islam, Raemah Abdullah Hashim, Sazali Abd Wahab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Green Dilemma: When Environmental Good Depletes Financial Good in Emerging Economies
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Environmental Sustainability, ESG, Firm Profitability, Food Sector, Zambia, Emerging Markets Purpose- This paper aims to examine the relationship between environmental sustainability practices and firm profitability within Zambia’s agro-food sector, assessing both short-term financial effects and strategic implications. Design/Methodology- The study adopted explanatory sequential mixed-methods. Using fixed and random effects regression models, panel data from listed agro-food firms (2014-2024) were analysed. It was followed by thematic analysis of sustainability reports and a semi-structured interview with firm-level sustainability officers. Findings- The quantitative results showed a significant negative relationship between environmental performance and short-term profitability. The Random Effects model revealed a coefficient of –15.739 (p = 0.0006) for the Environmental Score, indicating that higher sustainability scores are associated with lower immediate ROA. Governance was a strong positive predictor of profitability (β = 23.08, p < 0.01). Qualitative findings highlighted long-term benefits. Revenue was statistically insignificant. Practical Implications- Firms need to pursue environmental strategies that are scalable and context sensitive. Regulatory supports, enhancement of technical capacity, and alignment of stakeholders are also critical to make firms’ investment in sustainability compatible with their profitability targets. Originality- As one of the first African emerging-market studies to focus only on environmental sustainability–profitability trade-offs, the paper makes an original contribution, methodologically by the application of an ISO-aligned environmental scoring framework in a context-specific and theoretically by extending Stakeholder and Signaling Theory to illustrate how environmental practices may act as a credible signal for long-term value
Copyright (c) 2025 Mubanga Lackson Chipimo, Prof. John Bwalya, Prof. Joseph Katongo Kanyanga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ethical Leadership and Employee Ethical Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Mechanisms
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, Leadership Keywords: Ethical Leadership, Ethical Behavior, Ethics, Leadership Purpose- Based on the ongoing unethical scandal in the organizations, this study aims to explain the relationship between ethical leaders and their followers’ ethical behavior by explaining the underlying mechanisms. Design/Methodology- Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from the employees working in companies that produce fast-moving consumer goods. Three hundred sixty-nine samples were taken to study the proposed relationships. Findings- Results showed ethical leaders positively influence followers. Perceptual and reflective moral attentiveness positively mediates between ethical leadership and ethical behavior of employees. Moral awareness negatively moderates between ethical leadership and followers’ ethical behavior via reflective moral attentiveness, whereas moral awareness does not moderate the relationship. Practical Implications- Following the call for determinants of ethical behavior, this study provides insights for the managers to foster ethical behavior at the workplace.
Copyright (c) 2020 Muhammad Osaid Rabie, Marlin Abdul Malek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Meta-Analytic Review of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Entrepreneurship, Business Economics, Management Keywords: Entrepreneurial Orientation, Firm Performance, Dynamic Capabilities, Strategic Capabilities, Meta-Analysis Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and firm performance (FP) by examining the mediating roles of Strategic Capabilities and Dynamic Capabilities, and the moderating effects of contextual factors such as geographic region and study period. Methodology: The research design employed a meta-analytic review that was conducted using data from 95 peer-reviewed empirical studies encompassing 19,555 firm-level observations. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software was employed to synthesize effect sizes, test mediation pathways, and explore moderation effects across contextual subgroups. The study follows PRISMA guidelines to ensure methodological rigor. Findings: The results confirm that EO positively influences firm performance both directly and indirectly. Strategic Capabilities exhibit a stronger mediating effect than Dynamic Capabilities, suggesting that deliberate resource orchestration enhances EO effectiveness. Contextual analysis reveals that the EO–performance link is more pronounced in emerging economies and in studies conducted after 2015, reflecting evolving entrepreneurial environments. Policy Implications: The findings underscore the need for policies that support capability development within SMEs, especially in emerging markets. Tailored interventions that enhance strategic alignment and dynamic responsiveness can amplify EO’s performance impact. Originality: Finally, this study is among the first to meta-analytically decompose the EO–Performance relationship through dual mediators and contextual moderators, advancing theoretical understanding and offering actionable insights.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rennie Bakashaba, Dedrix Stephenson Bindeeba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of ESG in Driving Firm Profitability
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: ESG PRACTICES , STAKEHOLDER THEORY, RESOURCE-BASED VIEW, TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE, EMERGING MARKETS Purpose- This study examines how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices influence firm profitability and extend key strategic theories like the Stakeholder Theory, Resource-Based View (RBV), and the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) within Zambia’s food sector. Design/Methodology- Using a mixed-methods approach, the study analysed panel data from 2014 to 2024 for listed food companies in Zambia. Fixed effects regression with lagged ESG variables was applied to address endogeneity. Qualitative content analysis of corporate sustainability and governance reports complemented the quantitative findings. Findings- The regression model explains 55.6% of the variation in firm profitability, as indicated by the adjusted R². Among the ESG components, governance practices exhibited a statistically significant positive influence on profitability (coefficient = 23.39, p = 0.015). In contrast, environmental initiatives showed a significant short-term negative effect (coefficient = –32.60, p < 0.001), while social factors did not demonstrate a statistically significant impact. Practical Implications- Firms in emerging markets should embed ESG into core strategy, supported by robust governance. Policymakers must strengthen regulatory frameworks to facilitate sustainable business practices. Future studies are encouraged to further investigate ESG dynamics in resource-constrained settings. Originality/Value – This study contributes to ESG literature in emerging markets by integrating theoretical perspectives with empirical evidence, offering nuanced insights into how ESG performance shapes profitability and strategic outcomes.
The Effects of Accounting Language and Staff Capacity on Local Government Authorities’ Financial Reporting Quality
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Accounting staff capacity, institutional theory, accounting language capacity, financial reporting quality, local government authorities, Tanzania Purpose- This study employs institutional and cognitive load theories to explore and understand how accounting staff capacity and accounting language capacity relate to local government authorities' (LGAs’) financial reporting quality in Tanzania. Design/Methodology- Data were gathered from 126 LGAs represented by 225 internal auditors and accountants using a survey instrument. To test the hypotheses, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used. Findings- Results establish that financial reporting quality is significantly explained by accounting staff capacity and accounting language capacity. This is evidenced by the existence of positive and significant effects of accounting staff capacity and accounting language capacity on LGAs' financial reporting quality. Practical Implications-Since accounting language and staff capacity significantly influence financial reporting quality in LGAs, governments of developing countries must vigorously promote and encourage professional development, enhance financial reporting and communications skills, and generally be an excellent example of encouraging the capacities of accountants and auditors. In doing so, the quality of financial reporting among LGAs will be guaranteed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Charles K Matekele, Cosmas S. Mbogela, Chirongo M. Keregero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Green Product Innovation, Green Process Innovation, and End-of-Line Management Innovation on Sustainability Performance Dimensions
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Green product innovation, Green process innovation, End-of-line management innovation, Green technology innovation, Sustainability performance , Environment, SMEs Purpose- Sustainability performance (SP) boosts competitive advantage and benefits the environment and society. The present study analyzes the impact of green technology innovation (GTI) dimensions, namely green product innovation (GPtI), green process innovation (GPsI), and end-of-line innovation management (ELIM), on SP dimensions, namely economic performance (EcP), environmental performance (EnP), and social performance (SoP). Design/Methodology- A questionnaire instrument was developed and administered to a sample of 145 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in the Tehran province of Iran. The data collected were analyzed using PLS-SEM. Findings- The data analysis results showed that GPtI and GPsI significantly influence EcP, EnP, and SoP. Furthermore, the findings indicate that while ELIM positively impacts EnP and SoP, it does not exert any influence on EcP. Practical Implications- This research highlights the significance of GTI in enhancing SP, providing practical implications for SMEs to adopt eco-friendly practices, thereby improving operational efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and fostering competitive advantage in the market.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ehsan Masoudi, Seyyed Amirhossein Emamiyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cultivating Future Graduate Entrepreneurs: A Holistic Exploration of Vital Entrepreneurial Skills from a Tripod-Based View and Evidence
Section: Research Articles Categories: Entrepreneurship Keywords: Entrepreneurial competences , Entrepreneurial skills, Graduate entrepreneurs , Thematic analysis , Tripod view and evidence Purpose- This study aimed to examine essential entrepreneurial skills as perceived by students, practicing entrepreneurs, and employers in Tanzania, focusing on the ecosystems of Dar es Salaam and Mwanza. Design/Methodology- A qualitative cross-sectional design was employed, using stratified random sampling and purposive sampling to conduct in-depth interviews with students, entrepreneurs, and employers. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the qualitative data. Findings- The study identified ten critical entrepreneurial competencies: communication, problem-solving, adaptability, resilience, teamwork, creativity, initiative, networking, leadership, and customer focus. There was consensus among all groups regarding the importance of these skills, with students emphasizing curricula that incorporate real-world challenges, and entrepreneurs and employers stressing the need for practical experience, financial literacy, strategic thinking, innovation, and ethical decision-making. Practical Implications- The study offers recommendations for enhancing entrepreneurial education by integrating hands-on learning, internships, case studies, mentorship, and practical experience into academic programs. It also suggests a unified framework for curriculum enhancement, incorporating the perspectives of students, entrepreneurs, and employers to improve entrepreneurial education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chacha Magasi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Flexible Work Arrangements on Employee Innovation Moderated by Human Resource Support in the Information Technology and Telecommunications Industry
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Flexible Working Hours, Telecommuting, Human Resource Support, Employee Innovation, Sustainable Work Practices Purpose- This study, grounded in the Demand–Resource–Individual Effects (DRIVE) Model and Social Exchange Theory (SET), explores the impact of Flexible Work Arrangements (FWAs)—namely Flexible Working Hours (FWH) and Telecommuting/Work From Home (T/WFH)—on Employee Innovation (EI), with an examination of Human Resource Support (HRS) as a potential moderating factor. Design/Methodology- Utilizing a mixed-methods design, this research integrates quantitative results from 150 purposively and snowball-sampled respondents with qualitative insights from four detailed interviews. Statistical analyses included Correlation, Regression, and Explanatory Sequential analysis. Findings- The study’s key findings show that both FWH and T/WFH significantly enhance EI. While quantitative findings indicated no significant moderating effects of HRS, qualitative responses underscored its vital role in fostering a supportive and innovative environment. Practical Implications- These findings underscore the crucial role of FWAs in enhancing innovation and suggest that fostering schedule autonomy and strengthening support systems can significantly boost innovation in hybrid work setups.
Copyright (c) 2025 Akisha Julianne Cu, Zoraia Nikole Esguerra, Angela Gatbonton, Janvi Sakhrani, Jessica Jaye Ranieses https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental Sustainability Practices in Supply Chains and Manufacturing Firms’ Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, SCM Keywords: Environmental sustainability, Manufacturing firms, Firm performance, Stakeholder engagement, Carbon emission, Circular economy Purpose- This study investigates the influence of environmental sustainability practices in supply chains on the performance of manufacturing firms in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Design/Methodology- Employing a case study research design, the study utilized a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative methodologies. A total sample of 155 respondents was selected using simple random sampling for questionnaires, while 13 participants were purposively selected for in-depth interviews. Data collection involved structured questionnaires and interviews, analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS to ensure robust findings. Findings- The findings revealed a positive and significant influence of circular packaging on manufacturing firm performance. Adopting innovative packaging materials and clear disposal instructions can enhance competitive advantage, increase profit margins, and attract environmentally-conscious consumers, leading to higher market share and revenue. Practical Implications- The study highlights the importance of environmental sustainability practices for manufacturing firms in Tanzania. By adopting sustainable approaches, businesses can contribute to a healthier environment, reduce their carbon footprint, and promote responsible consumption. This can have positive implications for both the local community and the global ecosystem. The study recommends that firms invest in circular economic practices, such as innovative packaging and recycling. Policymakers are urged to provide incentives, such as tax relief and subsidies, to support green technologies. Collaboration between public and private sectors to fund research and development is also emphasized. Additionally, consumer advocacy for sustainable products and practices is critical to driving change
Copyright (c) 2025 Elinala Lutufyo Mwansasu, Leonada Raphael Mwagike https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring the Dual Impact of AI on Employment and Wages in Chinese Manufacturing
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, AI Keywords: AI adoption, employment impact, wage structure, manufacturing sector, labor market dynamics Purpose- This study investigates AI's impact on employment and wage dynamics within the manufacturing sector. Design/Methodology- Utilizing data from 3,522 manufacturing firms between 2007 and 2021, we analyze the effects of AI adoption on labor markets. Findings- AI adoption correlates with reduced employment numbers yet enhances wage rates, with some employees seeing wage increases as high as 83.86%. Heterogeneity analysis reveals variability in these impacts, dependent on contextual factors. The deployment of artificial intelligence in manufacturing sectors leads to an upgraded wage structure, emphasizing the importance of advancing individual professional skills to capitalize on these wage improvements. Additionally, compared to larger firms in the eastern region, small and medium-sized enterprises in the central and western regions stand to gain more substantially from the integration of artificial intelligence technology. Practical Implications- Policymakers need targeted interventions to address job losses while leveraging wage growth benefits, emphasizing reskilling and inclusive AI integration strategies. The study provides empirical evidence on AI's dual effect on employment and wages, offering nuanced insights into sector-specific AI consequences.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jing Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mediating Role of Hard Quality Management in the Relationship Between Soft Quality Management and Innovation Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Innovation performance, Soft quality management, Hard quality management, Total Quality Management, SMEs Purpose - Hard and soft quality management are known as two important dimensions of total quality management (TQM) that can improve the performance of manufacturing and service organizations. The paper aims to examine the effect of soft quality management (soft QM) on innovation performance (IP) with the mediating role of hard quality management (hard QM). Design/Methodology - A questionnaire was designed for the model test and distributed among 130 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Golpayegan industrial town located in Iran. PLS-SEM was used to analyze the data. Findings - The results showed that soft QM affects hard QM and IP. Also, the impact of hard QM on IP was confirmed. The mediating role of hard QM in the relationship between soft QM and IP was also confirmed. Practical Implications - The findings of this research encourage managers of SMEs to focus attention on hard and soft QM simultaneously to improve innovation performance in companies.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ehsan Masoudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tax Service Quality, Trust in Government and Tax Compliance among Small and Medium Enterprises in North Rift Economic Bloc
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Tax compliance, Tax service quality, Trust in Government Purpose- The study sought to establish the indirect effect of trust in government on the relationship between the tax service quality and tax compliance among SMEs in North Rift Economic Bloc, Kenya. Design/Methodology- Based on the social contract theory, this study has a positivist philosophy that is informed by an explanatory research design. The target population was 21,232 SMEs; the sample size used in this study consisted of 393 SME owners/managers selected through a stratified sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha with factor analysis was used to establish the instrument's reliability and validity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to test the hypothesis, and hierarchical regression using the Hayes Process macro was performed. Findings-The study revealed that tax service quality (β =.541, p=.000<0.05) and trust in government (β =.375, p=.000<0.05) are significantly positively related to tax compliance. In addition, the tax service quality was found to have a significant effect on trust in government (β =.395, p =.000<0.05). In addition, the results showed that trust in government mediates the relationship between tax service quality and tax compliance (β =.1482, CI=.0981, .2015). Practical Implications- These findings underscore the need for governments to improve the quality tax services, as this may be able to help in gaining public trust which will ultimately increase SMEs compliance with taxes. There is scope for future research to incorporate mixed-method approaches in order to discover yet more factors affecting tax compliance.
Copyright (c) 2024 Amos Kiptum, Dr. Collins Kapkiyai, Dr. Daniel Kirui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Accounting Conservatism as a Protective Mechanism
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Dividend Payout Policy, Financial decisions, Financial distress, Financial Leverage, Investment rate Purpose- This study investigates the moderating role of accounting conservatism in the relationship between corporate financial decisions (financial leverage, investment rate, and dividend payout policy) and the likelihood of financial distress among firms listed on the Kenyan Securities Exchange. Design/Methodology- The study analyzed a sample of 45 firms over 14 years from 2008 to 2021, resulting in 630 firm-year observations. Panel logistic regression was employed to assess secondary data from annual financial reports. Findings- Results reveal that financial leverage and investment rate significantly increase financial distress risk, while dividend payout policy has a negative effect. Accounting conservatism moderates these relationships by reducing the impact of financial leverage and enhancing the effect of dividend policy. Practical Implications- Managers should implement conservative accounting practices to align incentives with long-term shareholder interests, ensuring prudent financial reporting and minimizing financial distress risks. Originality- This research contributes to the understanding of financial decisions and distress, offering insights into the role of accounting conservatism in promoting corporate financial stability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rodgers Maiyo, Josephat Cheboi, Dr. Patrick Limo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role Green Human Resource Management Practices on Environmental Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Green Recruitment and Selection, green training and developement, Green performance management, green compensation management, Environmental performance Purpose- This study aimed at examining the role of green human resource management practices on environmental performance. Four green HR practices were involved. These practices include green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management and green compensation management. It further aimed at examining the mediating effect of perceived organisational support toward the environment on the relationship between green HR practices and environmental performance. Design/Methodology- The study used a case study design. Quantitative approach was used through which data was collected using a questionnaire from 198 out of 220 respondents expected which accounts for 90% response rate. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings- The study found green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management and green compensation management have significant positive impact on environmental performance. Moreover, perceived organisational support toward the environment was found to have significant effect on the relationship between each green HR practice and environmental performance. The study stresses the need for organisations through their respective management teams to play a supportive role in promoting green HR practices to enhance environmental performance. Practical Implications- Human resource management practices have potential in enhancing environmental performance of organisations. This could be done through integrating green practices with human resource management practices and providing organisational support toward green initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2024 Letra Delphinus, Kelvin M Mwita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Revolutionizing the Digital Creative Industries: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Integration, Development, and Innovation
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, AI Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cultural Industry, Digital Creative Industry, Integration Purpose - Artificial intelligence is profoundly transforming the digital creative industry, becoming a key force in industrial upgrading through technology integration, innovation drive and productivity improvement. Methods- This study uses a variety of methods, including literature review, questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and data analysis, to systematically examine the application effect of AI in the digital creative industry. The structural equation model is used to verify the hypothesized relationship, and the role of AI in promoting industrial integration, development results and innovation catalysis effect are comprehensively analyzed. Research results- The research that AI importantly promotes technological integration, development and innovation inside the digital creative industry, and improves the general overall performance of the industry. The path coefficient is incredibly substantial, and the model fit is good, which verifies the effective position of AI in industrial integration and development. The position of AI not only improves the competitiveness of the industry, but also provides robust support for the personalization and excessive quality of creative products. Originality- This paper demonstrates remarkable originality in theoretical framework construction, empirical data analysis, and exploration of practical challenges and this paper deeply analyzes the multiple mechanisms of AI in the digital creative industry, providing new ideas and specific quantitative evidence for research in related fields. Implications - Practitioners need to actively accept AI era, optimize creative workflows, and enhance production efficiency and constantly enhance their digital talents and cross-area information integration capabilities. Policymakers should formulate focused support policies to promote the vast application and deep integration of AI technologies inside the creative industries.
Copyright (c) 2024 Shah Mehmood Wagan, Sidra Sidra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Qualitative Study on Talent Management in Enterprises within the Industry 4.0 Process
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Talent, Talent Management, Industry 4.0, Manufacturing Enterpriss, Human resource management Purpose - This study aims to examine the effects of Industry 4.0 on talent management. It is observed that resources are allocated and training programs are organised for the transformation of the workforce in the Industry 4.0 process. Design/Methodology - Qualitative research approach was adopted in the study. Using purposive sampling method, 4 different industrial enterprises were analysed. Data collection process was carried out through face-to-face and online interviews. Findings - Organizations prioritize continuous training and fringe benefits in talent management, while employee involvement in social responsibility projects and teamwork enhances internal communication. In the Industry 4.0 era, maintaining organizational balance and providing diverse opportunities to talented employees are crucial. Practical Implications - The study suggests that implementing 28 different practices such as brand equity, collaboration, work-life balance and career opportunities to retain talent can increase awareness of the impact of Industry 4.0 on HR management. Establishing sector-based standards and models can help researchers in Turkey to implement Industry 4.0 and talent management practices.
Copyright (c) 2024 Safa Acar, Dr. Ahmet SARNIÇ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Longevity on Economic Growth, Accounting for Variability in Demographic Transition: Evidence for Pakistan using ARDL Bounds Testing Approach
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance, Business Economics Keywords: Longevity, Economic Growth, Demographic Transition, ARDL Bound Testing to Co-integration, Pakistan Rising longevity due to access to better health services affects the growth and composition of the population differently than birth rates. In addition, empirical evidence of the effects of rising longevity on standards of living is ambiguous. From the perspective of developing nations, it is important to understand how rising longevity affects national prosperity, as this allows governments to develop programs for increasing investment in the health sector. This study explicitly tested varying intertemporal impacts of rising longevity on the GDP per capita of Pakistan between 1967 and 2020. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration was used to estimate and compare short-run and long-run estimates of longevity. The results indicated that a 1% increase in longevity increased the growth rate of GDP per capita in Pakistan by 0.64% in the long-run. In addition, a 1% increase in life expectancy at birth above 62 years increased economic growth by an additional 0.009%. In general, the estimated effect of increased longevity varied by stages of demographic transition in Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Muhammad Mudasser, Dr. Emmanuel K. Yiridoe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Navigating the VUCA Terrain: Unveiling HR Strategies for Modern Organizational Agility
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, Leadership Keywords: VUCA, sustainable development, innovative approach, competitive advantage, human resource management, leadership Purpose- This study explores the consequences of HRM in the contemporary VUCA environment, with a particular emphasis on leadership styles, learning, incentives, and recruiting. It aims to understand leadership ideologies and efficient management techniques. Design/Methodology- The study employs a qualitative methodology that incorporates content analysis, historical research, and theoretical development. In the VUCA era, several data sources are methodically selected to improve organizational performance. Findings- It sheds light on leadership theories and efficient HR procedures, providing guidance for modifying hiring procedures, creating a culture of learning, and creating fulfilling initiatives. The benefits of Digital HR Architecture are highlighted, with examples from companies like IBM, Google, and Salesforce. Practical Implications- The research underscores the significance of considering cultural inclusion and workforce diversity for sustainable growth. Originality- Advancing our understanding of HR procedures in a tech-driven VUCA environment, this study offers practical insights based on real-world case studies and evidence-based research, guiding organizations towards sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2024 M. Chowdhury https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Socially Responsible Leadership and Job Engagement in University Context: Mediation of Psychological Safety
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, Leadership Keywords: socially responsible leadership, job engagement, psychological safety, Uganda Purpose - This study looks into the connection between job engagement (JE) and socially responsible leadership (SRL) in public universities in Uganda. Methodology - The study is quantitative in nature and consisted of personnel working at Uganda's public universities supplied data. The information was gathered using a five-point Likert scale in an organized questionnaire. Expert judgment and content validity were used to assess the validity of the instrument. Warp PLS and smart PLS-SEM analysis was run on 214 legitimate responses among 250 public university staff. Findings - The findings demonstrated a positive correlation between JE and SRL. PS and SRL were found to be positively correlated. Furthermore, the results showed a positive correlation between PS and JE. Additionally, the findings demonstrated that PS acts as mediation in the relationship between SRL and JE. Originality – The study contributes to the understanding of the approaches related to improving employee job engagement in the education sector. The study adds to the body of knowledge concerning the association between job engagement and psychological safety a crucial aspect of socially responsible leadership by examining data from developing countries in addition to other countries which had previously been ignored. Practical implications - This study contributes to the corpus of research on SRL and PS, especially in the context of universities, in terms of JE. Additionally, it provides advice on how to use PS and SRL to enhance university workplace conditions such as JE. By emphasizing the crucial roles that a psychologically safe environment and leadership style that is socially responsible play in promoting positive social interactions at work, our article advances the understanding of social exchange theory.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mahadih Kyambade, Afulah Namatovu, Joshua Mugambwa, Regis Namuddu, Bridget Namubiru https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Employee Performance Model: Analysis of Training, Organizational Culture and Work Environment by Mediating Work Discipline
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Traininig, Organizational culture, Work environment, Performance, Work discipline Purpose- This research provides a new strategy for stakeholders regarding factors influencing the improvement of employee performance through work discipline in the Indonesian Air Force. Design/Methodology- This is quantitative research. The research population consisted of all Indonesian Air Force employees. The sample size for this research was 400 employees. Data collection was survey with a questionnaire. This study utilized Smart PLS version 3.2.9 and data analysis employed PLS-SEM. Findings- The findings indicate that organizational culture, work environment and work discipline significantly impact employee performance. Additionally, training, organizational culture, and work environment have an effect on work discipline and work discipline acts as a mediator in the relationship between training, organizational culture and work environment with employee performance. Practical Implications- The practical implications can assist the Indonesian Air Force in enhancing employee performance and creating a better work environment. Through appropriate actions, the organization can achieve improved outcomes in pursuing its objectives.
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdur Rachman Alkaf, Eddy Yunus, Sri Utami Ady https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Corporate Tax Avoidance and the Cost of Debt Capital of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Corporate tax avoidance, Cost of debt, capital, manufacturing companies, book tax difference Purpose: The study “Tax Avoidance and Cost of Debt Capital in Nigerian Manufacturing Companies” is empirical research that investigates the relationship between tax avoidance and cost of debt capital in Nigerian manufacturing companies. Design/Methodology: The study uses a quantitative research design, which involves the collection of numerical data to test hypotheses. Specifically, the study uses a correlational design to establish the relationship between tax avoidance and cost of debt capital in Nigerian manufacturing companies. The study uses a purposive sampling technique to select 42 Nigerian manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study collected secondary data from the annual reports and financial statements of the selected companies for the period 2011–2020. Findings: The results of the empirical analysis include the fact that the cost of debt capital was found to have a strong and positive link with tax avoidance. As a result, tax avoidance is regarded as a symptom of rising information risk in Nigerian manufacturing firms, prompting investors to demand a high rate of return. Total accruals also showed a positive and significant relationship between tax avoidance and cost of debt. Practical Implications: The findings of the study indicate that policymakers may need to implement measures to improve tax enforcement and increase transparency in financial reporting. This could involve increasing resources for tax authorities, strengthening legal frameworks for tax compliance, and promoting better corporate governance practices among companies.
Copyright (c) 2023 Halima Abdullahi Baba, Prof. Muhammad Liman Muhammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Examination of Employee Rewards and Work Environment on Employee Creativity and Innovation
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Creativity, Innovation, Employee Rewards, Work Environment Purpose - The provision of rewards to employees for their innovative ideas and creative ideas acts as a motivational factor, encouraging them to sustain their efforts in developing novel and innovative solutions. The objective of this research is to examine the effects of employee rewards and work environment on employee creativity and innovation. Design/Methodology/Approach - This research used a quasi-experimental approach (specifically, an explanatory design). This inquiry relied on secondary sources. The collection of secondary material was conducted by using multiple online search platforms and specialist journals. Research Findings - Employees' ability to be creative and innovative is bolstered by all three types of rewards: intrinsic rewards, which have a positive effect on intrinsic motivation, extrinsic non-financial rewards, and extrinsic financial rewards, which can either encourage or discourage employees' efforts to be creative and innovative. Organizational environments that promote and cultivate employee creativity and receptiveness to novel ideas are more inclined to cultivate a culture that fosters creativity and then innovation. Originality - The significance of this research study adds value to the existing corps of information about understanding the effects of employee rewards with the aid of the work environment on employee creativity and innovation. Practical Implications - Drawing from the findings of this study it has been proven that in the corporate world employees are different with various types of needs. Hence to successfully motivate them to be creative and innovative organizations must provide employee rewards that are comprehensive and at the same time must balance the employee rewards they offer with the conducive work environment with employees' individual needs.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dickson Mdhlalose https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Ownership Structure and Corporate Governance on Earning Management
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Ownership structure, Earnings management, Corporate Governance, PSX, Pakistan, Discretionary accruals Purpose- This study investigates the interplay among Ownership Structure, Corporate Governance, and Earnings Management by employing ordinary least square (OLS) regression. To find the relationship among the three constructs based on data sourced from listed companies on the Pakistan Stock Exchange spanning 2016-2021 were used, excluding the financial industry due to its unique reporting system. Design/Methodology- The sample comprises 111 firms chosen based on data availability. To measure earnings management, the researchers used a modified version of John's model (1995) to estimate discretionary accruals. Findings- The study's key findings include the significant role of institutional investors in reducing earnings management. The number of board directors and ownership concentration were observed to impact discretionary accruals. Control variables indicated that more profitable, growing, and highly leveraged firms tend to engage in earnings management, which decreases with the firm's age. The study revealed a diverse relationship between ownership structure, corporate governance codes, and earnings management. Notably, significant institutional investment reduces ownership concentration, leading to decreased earnings management. Moreover, the results show a positive and significant correlation between firm size and Return on Assets (ROA). Practical Implications- Board independence was found to have a positive impact on earnings management, suggesting that boards serve a more complex role than mere monitoring to mitigate accounting manipulation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Babar Bashir, Muhammad Rashid, Zeeshan Bashir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge Creation and Business Process Re-Engineering Outcomes of Financial Services
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Knowledge creation, Business process re-engineering, Knowledge sharing, Financial services Purpose - The researcher investigates the extent to which knowledge sharing moderates the relationship between knowledge creation and business process re-engineering (BPR) outcomes of financial services offered by financial institutions in Uganda. Design/Methodology - The study adopted cross-sectional survey design to collect data at one point in time using self-administered questionnaire to examine the relationship between knowledge creation and business processes. The study at first used statistical package for social scientists to establish clusters among the surveyed financial services and later a model was derived using R programming software to test for knowledge creation and business process re-engineering performance outcomes. Findings - The study found a significant conditional effect of knowledge sharing on knowledge creation and business process re-engineering outcomes. Implying that investment in knowledge sharing creates awareness about the financial services outcomes of financial institutions using business process re-engineering to provide financial services. Originality - This study contributes to business process re-engineering literature by advancing the idea that BPR is an important economic resource that enhanced through instituting knowledge creation and sharing practices in a complex environment. Ideally, creating and sharing knowledge is one of the drivers of customer value, efficiency, and effectiveness of financial services in financial institutions. Practical Implications - Managers of financial institutions need to pay keen interest in managing business processes using relevant knowledge and transforming in new products, new processes, and new markets to boost business process re-engineering outcomes by building a strong knowledge creation system through training and development programs for senior managers.
Copyright (c) 2023 Dr. Nkurunziza Gideon, Dr. Walugembe Ahmed, Prof. Ntayi Joseph Mpeera, Vincent Obedgiu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organisational Commitment and Turnover Intentions: Does Self-Efficacy Matter?
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Organizational Commitment, Turnover intention, Self-efficacy, Uganda, Universities Purpose- This paper examined the relationship between organisational commitment, self-efficacy, and turnover intentions among academic staff in universities in Uganda, a developing nation. Design/Methodology- This research was undertaken via a cross-sectional research design to test the hypotheses using quantitative data collected from 574 academic staff at selected universities in Uganda. Hayes’s PROCESS macro (Version 4.2) was used to carry out a moderation analysis. Findings- The results indicate that interaction between self-efficacy and organisational commitment enhanced turnover intention. Academic staff with high levels of commitment, are less likely to engage in turnover behaviour at high levels of self-efficacy. Practical Implications- Drawing on empirical evidence, university managers seeking to improve staff retention need to adopt strategies that boost self-efficacy in order to instantly support organisational commitment. Adoption of participative work culture, equity, training, teamwork, and inclusiveness is an important signal and source of social information that the university values its employees and their stay.
Copyright (c) 2023 Julius Samuel Opolot, Charles Lagat, Stanley Kipsang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tobin-Q, Liquidity and Momentum risk-premia: A Demonstration of Weighted Least Squares Regression Approach
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance, Business Economics Keywords: Tobin-q, Multidimensional Liquidity, Momentum, Fama and French (2015) five-factor model, Weighted least square Regression. Purpose- The basic purpose of the study is to examine whether Tobin-q, liquidity and momentum risk-premium contributes the explanatory power in terms of explaining portfolio returns in PSX. Design/Methodology- The Weighted Least Square (WLS) regression technique is empirically used to examine the nexus between risk-factor and portfolio returns using PSX dataset. The models provide useful tools for making efficient strategies in the jurisdiction of investments and portfolio constructions. Findings- The study reveals that multidimensional liquidity exhibits weak significant results while Tobin-q and momentum risk-factors demonstrate statistically significant determinants for PSX. Furthermore, WLS regression produces robust coefficient results than OLS regression as except liquidity all the factors exhibit substantially improved results. Practical Implications- The study findings would be useful for stocks and portfolio managers constructing optimal and diversified portfolios while investing in PSX.
Fama and French (2015) five-factor model
Copyright (c) 2023 Mohammad Azam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Investigation into Work-Family Balance and Employee Resilience among Female Bankers
Section: Research Articles Categories: HRM Keywords: Work Life Balance, Employee resilience, Organizational supports, Gender, Uganda, Female Bankers Purpose- Work-family balance has increasingly become the epitome of scholarly investigation. This study was motivated to contribute to the growing debate from the Ugandan setting and particularly with a female sample by studying employee resilience. Methods- This study adopted data triangulation conducted among 397 female bankers; where a sample size of 196 was determined. Data was collected using a structured five-point Likert-type scale questionnaire. The instrument was tested for validity using expert opinion and content validity. We also used exploratory factor analysis. For reliability, we used the Cronbach alpha coefficients. The data were collected with the approval and consent of the Research Committee of MUBS, and the supervisors in the banks, and respondents were assured of confidentiality. Findings- Indeed, some organizations have mainstreamed gender into their operations in the footsteps of national gender policy. But work-life balance is beyond gender frameworks. This study found that organizational support has a partial mediation effect between work-family balance and employee resilience. This means that both factors are important in influencing the employee resilience of female workers in the banking sector. Originality-This study is grounded in the practical insights of female bankers in Uganda. While there may be similar studies none has taken a rigorous scholarly approach like this in conceptualization and methodology. This study was original in the context in which it was executed and the methodologies used. We contend that this study has made a significant contribution to further delineating the life-balance debate for policy, practice, and academic advancements in the African context.
Copyright (c) 2023 Prof. Vincent Bagire, Mariam Tauba, Sarah Kyamulabi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Caught in the Crossfire: How Work-Family Conflict Affects the Lives of Married Nurses in India
Section: Research Articles Categories: HRM Keywords: Work family conflict, Nursing, nurse worklife balace, life satisfaction, family satisfaction Purpose- This research aimed to examine the nature of the relationship between work and life among married nurses in Jammu and Kashmir, India Design/Methodology- A questionnaire with measures for work-family conflict, life satisfaction, and family satisfaction was administered. The nodal agency, Government Medical College (GMC), provided the researcher with a list of nurses and their marital statuses. A sample of 253 nurses was analyzed using simple random sampling from a list of potential 527 nurses. These 253 respondents worked at five major government hospitals. In addition to the work-family measures, questions on age, work experience, job grade, and family type were asked Findings- The results revealed a significant relationship between work and family conflict with both life satisfaction as well as family satisfaction. In both cases, the time-based, and strain-based conflict scored higher than the behavior-based conflict in influencing family and life satisfaction negatively Practical Implications- The results highlight the need for organizational support for nurses, which can be in the form of flexible work schedules, and other time-saving techniques. Given that nurturing responsibilities are shouldered by women in India not only monetary but non-monetary benefits should be availed to the nurses to alleviate their work-family conflict.
Copyright (c) 2023 Fatima Riyaz Khateeb https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact Of Social Media On Microgreens Product Knowledge And Purchase Intention
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, Marketing Keywords: AISAS model, Social Media, Instagram, Microgreens, SEM-PLS Purpose- The purpose of this research is to find out the impact of social media Instagram on microgreens’ product knowledge and purchase intention by using several components of the AISAS model. Design/Methodology- Respondents in this study were 15 to 45 years old and were followers of Instagram accounts that disseminate knowledge and market microgreens’ products. This study uses a simple random sampling method. This study employs a variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, that is partial least squares (PLS). The data from this research were analyzed using SmartPLS 3.0 software. Findings- The results revealed that social media significantly affected attention, Interest, and Search. Search has a significant and positive impact on increasing knowledge of microgreens products. Knowledge of microgreens products has a significant impact on purchase intentions of microgreens products. Originality- This research produces new findings regarding consumer behavior on microgreens and their influencing factors. Practical Implications- The results of this study can be used as a reference to find marketing methods and develop the most effective strategies to attract microgreens consumers.
Copyright (c) 2023 Salmaa Muftiyatunnisa, Darsono Darsono, Sapja Anantanyu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Influencing Wellbeing among Working Mothers of Small and Medium Enterprises in Europe: The Moderating Role of Supervisory Support
Section: Research Articles Categories: Entrepreneurship, Management, General Keywords: Employee Wellbeing, Family-work conflicts, Working conditions, Job support, Work-life Balance Purpose- It is known that working mother faces work-family responsibilities that likely affect their well-being. There is also a few research on conflict differentiated by work status and gender or on the moderating role of perceived supervisor support. Therefore, there is a research gap in this topic. The purpose of this research is to examine the working mother’s wellbeing among the small and medium enterprises in Europe. Design/Methodology- In this research, independent variables such as job resources, inter-role work and family conflict, working environment and underemployment are being discussed to determine their correlation with employee’s wellbeing, based on findings from Eurofound’s sixth European Working Condition Survey 2015 (EWCS). Multiple Linear Regression was conducted to investigate the influence between identified variable. Findings- The research found that the roles of supervisory support do affect some of the variables. Appropriate supervisory intervention relieves job stress and increases the wellbeing for employed mother. Wellbeing and work are closely related, in that the bad or good environment of working have a direct impact on employed mother’s quality of life. Practical Implications- The study contributes to a better understanding of work-family conflict and their wellbeing. This report could provide valuable insight to organizations on ways to ensure effectiveness and better performance by preventing conflict from occurring
Copyright (c) 2023 Eern Yie Choo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organizational Learning Process, CEO Values and Sustainability Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Uganda
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, Leadership Keywords: CEO, Openness to change, Self-Transcendence, Sustainability Performance, Manufacturing, Organizational learning process Purpose- The paper aims to examine the moderating effect of CEO personal values on the relationship between the organizational learning process and sustainability performance. Design/Methodology- An explanatory cross-sectional design was used to obtain quantitative data from the managerial staff of 256 medium and large manufacturing firms in Uganda. A survey instrument was used to collect data. Findings- Organizational learning process and the CEO's personal values have a significant positive direct effect on sustainability performance. Further, the CEO's personal values significantly moderate the relationship between the organizational learning process and sustainability performance. Practical Implications- Strategies such as training, teamwork, consultancy engagements, and research facilitate learning processes of knowledge acquisition, sharing, interpretation, and storage which in turn improve sustainability performance. In addition, firms that hire CEOs whose personal value system is inclined towards change and self-transcendence are more likely to foster a culture of continuous organizational learning which improves sustainability performance
Copyright (c) 2023 Freddie Lwanga, Professor Micheal Korir, Dr. Ronald Bonuke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Section: Book Review Categories: Management Keywords: Public Value, Creating Public Value, Scorecard Problem, Performance Management Systems, Trichotomy Puzzle
Copyright (c) 2023 Bora Ly https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Book Review: System Engineering Management
Section: Book Review Categories: Management, SCM Keywords: Management control systems, High-Performance Work Systems, Systems Engineering, Management
Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Saad Ameer, Huaming Song https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Knowledge Adoptive Capacity towards Exports Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Export Performance, Knowledge absorptive capacity, Knowledge acquisition, Knowledge assimilation, Knowledge transormation, Knowledge exploitation Purpose - Knowledge absorptive capacity plays a significant role in export performance. It is a dynamic capability that firms apply to gain competitiveness in today’s knowledge-based economies. The aim of the present research is to identify relationship among dimensions of KAC and export performance. Design/Methodology - Nature of study was descriptive and quantitative. Data was collected through questionnaires from 291 large scale textile firms of Pakistan. Smart PLS was used in analyzing data by incorporating CFA and SEM techniques to test the hypotheses. Findings - The results reveal that knowledge acquisition, transformation, and exploitation have significant positive relationship with export performance.
Copyright (c) 2019 Ramaisa Aqdas, Nik Ab Halim Nik Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
What is the effect of Organizational Justice and Perceived Organizational and Supervisor Support on Employee’s Level of Trust?
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Organizational justice, Perceived Organizational support, perceived supervisor support, trust Aim - Past studies support the importance of organizational justice and its impact on employees' work attitudes. There are many factors that affect the employees’ work attitude but their perceptions about organizational justice and support are significant factors. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between Organizational justice and trust but there is a lack of research to measure the mediating role of perceived support. This study examines the role of perceived support as a mediator between organizational justice and trust. Methodology - The sample of the study is 170 faculty members of public and private sector universities of Pakistan. A cross-sectional design with a standardized questionnaire is used. Findings - Results indicate that distributive, procedural and interactional justice is direct antecedents of organizational and supervisory trust with the demonstration perceived organizational support as a partial mediator between procedural justice and organizational trust. Distributive justice is related to organizational trust both directly and indirectly through perceived organizational support and supervisory trust. Finally, interactional justice is a direct and indirect predictor of supervisory trust through perceived supervisor support.
Copyright (c) 2020 Sadia Arif, Ozair Kundi, Muhammad Suleman Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pakistan’s Infrastructure Capital-Growth Analysis
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Capital growth, Pakistan, Infrastructure, government investment Purpose- This empirical study facet at Pakistan for the period between 1960 and 2017 in the connection between public investment, public capital stock, private investment, private capital stock, and real GDP. Design/Methodology- Using theoretical and empirical literature assessment, to measure the impact of private investment, private capital stock, government investment, and government capital stock on Pakistan's real gross domestic product, we involved the ARDL Bound tests. Findings- A positive and significant connection was revealed between government investment, a private capital stock with real GDP. Private investment showed a substantial but negative impact in the short run, despite capital stocks indicating a positive and insignificant relationship with Pakistan's RGDP. The long-term consequences showed that the government's capital stocks, public investment, private capital stocks, and RGDP from Pakistan are linked positively and significantly. Private investment, however, has shown harmful and detrimental or insignificant relations with Pakistan's RGDP. Practical Implications- Our study may benefit the Pakistani economy, particularly while useful for academics and researchers to understand the basic concept of 'capital-growth' philosophy.
Copyright (c) 2020 Muhammad Ahmad Mazher, Prof. Dr. Jauhari Dahalan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring the Impact of Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Spiritual intelligence, Job Satisfaction, Turnover intention Purpose- Several critical factors contribute to employees' satisfaction or an attempt to stay with an organization. This paper aimed to explore the impact of emotional and spiritual intelligence on job satisfaction and turnover intention among employees in the telecommunication companies in Ghana. Design/Methodology- A cross-section research design approach was adopted. A questionnaire was used to gather data from employees in MTN, Vodafone, and Airtel-Tigo in the Kumasi Metropolis Ghana through a simple random sampling approach. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 26) was to process data into tables and figures to help us undertake the descriptive, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings- The study results indicate that emotional intelligence positively influences the job satisfaction and turnover intentions of employees. Spiritual Intelligence was found to influence job satisfaction positively but had a negative impact on the turnover intention of employees in mobile telecommunication companies. Practical Implications- The findings highlight the relevance of emotional and spiritual intelligence in promoting job satisfaction and turnover intention relative to emotional intelligence specifically. Furthermore, it would aid organizations in the sector with a huge workforce and large customer base to critically assess issues relating to emotional and spiritual intelligence to enhance job satisfaction and minimize the intent to leave the organization.
Copyright (c) 2020 Benard Korankye, Evelyn Amakyewaa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A longitudinal Perspective on Efficiency of Airlines in Europe and the U.S
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Airlines in Europe and the US, Efficiency analysis, Dynamic data envelopment analysis (Dynamic DEA), Slack-based measure (SBM) The aviation industries in Europe and the US have been well-established since a very early age and have attracted great attention from both industry practitioners and academics. To derive a different perspective on the efficiency levels of airlines operating in the two matured markets, we adopted dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA). Using the data of the period 2014 – 2016 of 7 European airlines and 9 US airlines that are publicly traded, the study offers an overall picture of airlines' efficiency in the two regions. Notably, the resource flow between the consecutive periods is incorporated into the measure to yield a longitudinal perspective on airlines' efficiency. The study reveals the two major findings. First, most publicly traded airlines in Europe and the US are efficient, except for Hawaiian airline headquartered in the US. Second, Hawaiian airline's inefficiency is majorly contributed by the overuse of the number of employees, consumed fuel, and the deficit of revenue seat-miles in 2014 and 2015. To improve the efficiency level, Hawaiian airlines could consider increasing employee productivity, using more fuel-efficient aircraft, and implementing new marketing strategies to boost sales.
Dynamic data envelopment analysis (Dynamic DEA)
Copyright (c) 2021 Minh-Anh Nguyen Thi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relationship Between Strategic Direction, Core Competencies And Firm Competitiveness Among Manufacturing Firms In Uganda
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Firm competitiveness, strategic direction, core competencies, strategic leadership Purpose- The paper examines the relationship between strategic direction, core competencies, and firm competitiveness among manufacturing firms in Uganda. Design/Methodology- This study collected quantitative data from 410 manufacturing firms using self-administered questionnaires, while qualitative data was collected from 10 manufacturing firms using an interview guide. Quantitative data were augmented by qualitative methods, allowing us to comprehend the phenomenon under study completely. To study the nature of reality, an explanatory cross-sectional survey was employed. While the content analysis was used to investigate qualitative data, regression analysis was used to evaluate hypotheses. Findings- According to the research, a firm's competitiveness improves when its executives concentrate on their capabilities. The findings validated the theoretical foundations of the resource-based viewpoint. Practical Implications- As a result of the findings, manufacturing firms may increase strategic leadership's influence on competitiveness by ensuring that workers have proper directions and that the core competencies are identified and leveraged to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in operations. The findings may assist CEOs and policymakers design strategies and policies to increase the level of competitiveness of their firms.
Copyright (c) 2022 James Oguta, Andrew Kimwolo, Thomas K. Cheruiyot https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Organizational Justice on Turnover Intentions: Moderating Role of Job Embeddedness
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Job Embeddedness, Banking Sector, Turnover Intentions It is evident from the past research that employees who perceive the organizational policies as not just, the employees tend to leave the organizations and start their professional career in other organizations where they feel comfortable and organization policies as fair and just. Literature accords the moderate relationship of job embeddedness on turnover intentions. This study analyzed the moderate relationship of job embeddedness on turnover intentions and organizational justice in banking sector of Pakistan. Sample of study consists of 313 banking employees from different cadre. Regression Analysis was used to analyze the data. Results clearly indicate that job embeddedness do not moderate the relationship of turnover intentions and organizational justice. There is further need to explore the role of job embeddedness in other professional organizations. Implications for management and future directions are discussed.
Copyright (c) 2018 Sadia Arif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Financial Leverage on Firm Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Financial leverage, Firm performance, ROA, ROE The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between financial leverage and the performance of Textile Composite Companies of Pakistan. Pakistan Textile Composite Companies which are listed in PSX (100-index) are selected.5-year data is collected from 2011-2015 and top 16 companies are selected as a sample. Using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and a regression model to identify the results. Results show that financial leverage has a negative and significant effect on firm ROE and financial leverage has a positive and significant effect on firm ROA. Further study indicates that the high-interest rate and more amount of debt decrease the value of equity and has a negative impact on firm performance. On the other hand, the amount of debt has a positive impact on firm ROA. Results show that financial leverage has a positive impact on firm performance if the amount of debts do not exceed the amount of equity.
Copyright (c) 2018 Umer Iqbal, Muhammad Usman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Job Attitudes: Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Banking Sector Employees of Pakistan
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Dissonance Theory, SIT (Social Identity Theory), CSR The study is conducted to highlight the employees’ perspective of CSR in the banking sector of Pakistan and its impact on their job attitudes: job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Primary data were collected from 177 employees working in 22 different banks of Lahore (Pakistan). Stratified random sampling technique was used for sample selection. The population included all the banks in Lahore. Results show the existence of a direct relationship between a) CSR and Organizational Commitment b) CSR and Job Satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2018 Mavra Khan, Sadia Sarwar, Hiba Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Transformational Leadership and Organizational Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, Leadership Keywords: Transformational leadership, Organizational performance, Innovation The study is an investigation of transformational leadership impact on organizational performance; the mediating role of organizational innovation. The study revealed that organizational innovation has mediated significant impact on organizational performance. The research found that transformational leadership and organizational performance has strong relationship. Therefore, it will help the managers to create such leadership style in the organizations. Pakistani organizations need an environment where leaders motivate and encourage the employees who are wishing to become more creative and effective in leading the successful organizations.
Copyright (c) 2018 Sadia Arif, Aman Akram https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bitcoin and its Legality from Shariah Point of View
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance, Islamic Finance Keywords: Bitcoin, Shariah, Islamic, Blockchain Management, Cryptocurrency Bitcoin is a type of cryptocurrency and the most successful in blockchain management. It has become famous in recent years. The critical aspects of cryptocurrency are its legitimacy, source of money laundering, tax evasion, lack of regulation etc. The aim of this study is to explore the view of Muslim scholars on the legality of bitcoin with respect to Shariah. The study adopts doctrinal approach which utilizes descriptive approach of qualitative research methodology which relies on secondary data in form of text books, journals, newspapers, related websites etc. The study found that Muslim scholars are divided on the issue. A part of them completely rejected bitcoin and considered it against Shariah principles. On the other hand, some Muslim scholars believe bitcoin does not contradict Islamic principles and therefore may be used, however with certain conditions. The researchers tend to support the proponents’ view as most of the opponents’ grounds for the rejection are temporary in nature which may be covered through policy regulations.
Copyright (c) 2018 Yusuf Sani Abubakar, Ahmad Faosiy Ogunbado, Mpawenimana Abdallah Saidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technostress and Telecommuting in the Context of Covid-19: Evidence from Cambodia’s Higher Education Institutes
Section: Research Articles Categories: COVID-19 Keywords: Covid-19, Education, Technostress, Telecommuting, Anxiety, Fatigue, Inefficacy, Instructor, Skepticism Closures of educational establishments owing to the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted individuals globally. Educational organizations of all levels have been compelled to use online instruction because comprehensive safety precautions have been taken to minimize the spread of disease during the COVID-19 contagion, which has increased technostress. Both public and private organizations utilized these strategies, allowing the individual to work virtually. Purpose- This work examines the association between the perceived technostress attributes and instructors in Cambodian academic institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/Methodology- It used a quantitative method and constructed a research instrument to examine (340 participants) of public and private instructors service during the outbreak. Additionally, the data was collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings- The study revealed that technostress had a substantial effect on the gender, age, and working experience of educators. Hence, given the rapid evolution of ICT trends, it is appropriate to design practical training and wellness programs to alleviate technostress and foster a sense of technological competence and personal relevance.
Copyright (c) 2022 Romny Ly, Bora Ly https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of COVID-19 on Student’s Emotional and Financial Aspects in the Higher Learning Institutions
Section: Research Articles Categories: COVID-19 Keywords: Impact of COVID-19, student’s financial aspect, student’s emotional aspect, students in higher learning institutions Purpose- This paper aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the student’s financial and emotional aspect at one of Malaysia's higher learning institutions (HLI). Design/Methodology- The data collected from the online questionnaires involved 397 students and were analyzed using SPSS. Findings- The findings showed a significant positive association between all variables where the strength range was from r=.556 to r=.565. The highest correlation is the financial aspect (r-value .565) and is followed by the emotional aspect (.556). Next, the results also revealed that both variables were significantly influenced where the R² value was 47.1% while other factors explained the additional 53% of the element. Practical Implications- There are some significant implications identified in this study. First, this study's findings directly impacted the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in terms of financial support and the emotional aspect. Second, the result indicated that the university should also consider other internal and external aspects rather than focus only on improving the learning process. Third, this study would enrich the current body of knowledge about the impact of COVID-19.
students in higher learning institutions
Copyright (c) 2021 MUHAMMAD ZARUNNAIM HAJI WAHAB, Kamarudin Othman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Review of Machine Learning Applications for Credit Card Fraud Detection with A Case study
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Machine learning, Credit card fraud detection, Artificial neural networks, XGBoost, Logistic regression, Random Forests Purpose - This paper aims to highlight the widely used supervised techniques applied for fraud detection. In addition, this paper aims to apply some techniques to evaluate their performance on real-world data and develop an ensemble model as a potential solution for this problem. Design/Methodology- Different techniques applied in this study for fraud detection purposes are logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, KNN, and XGBoost. The confusion matrix gives information about the assignment of inputs to the different classes. This study uses precision and recall to evaluate the performance, calculated based on the confusion matrix. Findings- XGBoost is the fastest and is expected to have the best performance; however, it is only outperforming the random forest in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score. In general, the KNN and logistic regression have better performance, which means they better detect fraudulent transactions. Practical Implications- The new model can be applied to new data instead of the previous techniques.
Copyright (c) 2022 Zahra Faraji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Does Environmental Knowledge Matter? Social Influence and Pro-Environmental Behavior in University Students: An Indirect Effect Model
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Social influence, Environmental Knowledge, Pro-environmental behaviour, Environmental Sustainability, University Students Purpose- This study aims to provide an analytical framework that focuses on environmental knowledge as a mechanism through which social influence enhances pro-environmental behavior among university students. Design/Methodology- The research employed quantitative strategy, cross-sectional survey design, and systematic random sampling techniques to obtain data from a sample of 335 university students using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The study hypotheses were tested using Hayes Process Macro vs. 3.5 (Model 4). Findings- Results indicate that social influence strongly impacts students’ environmental knowledge, and both variables significantly predict pro-environmental behavior. Environmental knowledge was discovered to be the strongest predictor of pro-environmental behavior among students. Finally, results show that environmental knowledge mediates the relationship between social influence and pro-environmental behavior, revealing a complimentary mediation model superior to the direct effect model. Originality- These findings reveal that social influence and students’ environmental knowledge have a strong influence in cultivating students’ pro-environmental behavior. Furthermore, the complementary mediation model, which shows superior results than the direct effect model, contributes to the body of knowledge and offers new insights into theory and practice. Practical Implications- Environmental sustainability may be positioned as a social trend by government and business agencies, such as a promotional campaign, workshops, and training to demonstrate and raise awareness about environmental issues.
Copyright (c) 2022 Gabriel Simiyu, Valentine Kariuki, Mwengei Ombaba, Robert Otuya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Job Insecurity and Turnover Intentions among Banking Sector Employees: The Moderating Role of Organizational Support and Ethical Leadership
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Job insecurity, Ethical leadership, Organizational support, Turnover intentions, Banking institutions Purpose - Job insecurity exerts a significant impact on turnover intentions among employees. The association may be partly due to the influence of organizational support and the ethicality of leaders. However, there is a shortage of studies on the ameliorating role of organizational support and ethical leadership in the nexus between job insecurity and turnover intentions. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the nexus between job insecurity and turnover intentions among banking sector employees. The moderating role of organizational support and ethical leadership on the underlying relationship was assessed to achieve this. Design/methodology/approach – One hundred and sixty (160) banking sector employees were conveniently selected to participate in the study. The sample consisted of female (n = 92) and male (n = 68) employees, ranging from 23 to 49 years. Standardized measures were used in soliciting respondents' demographic characteristics, perceived job insecurity, ethical leadership, organizational support, and turnover intentions. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. Findings – Results revealed a significant positive correlation between perceived job insecurity and turnover intentions. Organizational support and ethical leadership also moderated the association between job insecurity and turnover intentions. The influence of job insecurity on turnover intentions minimizes when management provides the needed support and favorable climatic conditions. Originality/value – In general, the study highlights the importance of organizational support and ethical leadership in lessening the impact of job insecurity on turnover intentions.
Copyright (c) 2022 Prince Addai, Rejoice Mottey, Michelle Afrifah, Augustine Osei Boakye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
On Exports and Economic Growth: Revisiting Export-Led Growth Hypothesis Including North-South Divide
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Export-led growth, panel cointegration, FM-OLS, DOLS Objective: The purpose of the present study is to revisit the export-led growth hypothesis in the wake of globalization. This will help in trade policy decisions and make it possible to standpoint whether the export promotion is a good idea to accelerate economic growth. Design: The ELG hypothesis is examined for 107 countries through panel data analysis using cointegration and panel regression tests from 1990 to 2018. The study finds strong support for the long-run relationship between exports and gross domestic product and the export-led growth hypothesis in a two-variable regression framework. Findings: It is evident from the long-run coefficient of dynamic ordinary least squared that a 1.0 percent increase in real exports increases the real gross domestic product by 0.53 percent. The long-run coefficient of real exports for the Global South (0.55) is found higher than that of the Global North (0.51), which indicates that in the wave of globalization, the evidence of export-led growth hypothesis is stronger for comparatively poor Global South than the richer Global North. Practical Implications: The results indicate implications for export promotion policy in the Global South countries to accelerate economic growth and increase real gross domestic product. Originality: The study is the first to explore the ELG hypothesis using a big pool of 107 countries, including the global north-south divide.
Copyright (c) 2022 Dr. Suraj Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Green Human Resource Management Practices and Environmental Performance in Ghana: The Role of Green Innovation
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Environmental Performance, Green Recruitment and Selection, Green Training and Development, Green Compensation, Green Innovation, Ghana Purpose- Protecting the natural environment and its wealth for future generations has become an essential topic for policymakers and executives. This study seeks to examine the impact of green Human Resource Management practices through green innovation on the environmental performance of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Ghana. Design/Methodology- Through simple random probability sampling, data were obtained from three hundred (300) business owners and employees from ten (10) small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. However, two hundred and ninety-four (294) accurate responses were used in the analysis due to incomplete and missing figures. Data were analyzed using partial least squared based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings- The studied data met internal consistency reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity from the results, and also, there was no multicollinearity issue in the study model. The findings revealed that green Human Resource Management practices directly and significantly influence environmental performance. Furthermore, green innovation partially mediated the influence of green Human Resource Management practices on environmental performance. Green compensation through green innovation has the most incredible impact on environmental performance and was statistically significant at p< 0.01. Practical Implications- This finding provides valuable suggestions for policymakers, emerging and existing organizations, particularly manufacturing firms, to encourage environmentally-friendly activities and produce goods and processes through a successful incentive scheme, thus increasing customer loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2021 Isaac Ahakwa, Jingzhao Yang, Evelyn Agba Tackie, Mercy Asamany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Returns of Indian Listed Companies
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Corporate Governance, Financial Return, India, Nifty, ROA, ROCE Purpose- In this paper, we have evaluated the relationship of corporate governance with companies’ financial returns using return on assets (ROA) and return on capital employed (ROCE) as proxies. For this purpose, companies listed in Nifty-50 are considered as a sample. Design/Methodology- The present study is conducted on the NIFTY-50 Index with a final sample of 35 companies after excluding banking companies, financial services companies, and companies that did not have the required data in the sample period. Data has been collected for ten years from 2009-10 to 2018-19, and they are analyzed with the help of software packages such as SPSS and Stata. Findings- The results showed that firms’ financial return measures (ROA and ROCE) were significantly affected by governance measures, board committees, and CEO duality. Board size, board meetings, and board independence did show positive relation, but it was not significant. Our analysis observed that corporate governance significantly affected the financial return of Indian listed companies. Practical Implications- Our research work indicated the importance of corporate governance in generating financial returns for Indian listed companies. CEO duality is found to be increasing the ROCE of listed companies in India, and therefore investors should choose such companies where the CEO plays a dual role in the board. Also, policymakers should take into consideration the dual role of CEOs while making changes in company regulations.
Copyright (c) 2021 Dr. Sanjeeb Kumar Dey, Debabrata Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Free Cash Flow and Investment Efficiency of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Free cash flow, Investment effeciency, Over-investment, Under-investment, Agency cost Purpose- This study aims to determine the relationship between free cash flow and investment efficiency of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Design- An accounting-based model developed by Richardson (2006) was employed to measure investment efficiency and free cash flow. The population of the study consist of all the listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Similarly, the purposive sampling technique was employed to arrive at forty-eight companies for 2008-2018. Findings- The results of the study confirm the agency theory of free cash flow. Hence, it established that there is a positive and robust relationship between free cash flow and overinvestment. Practical Implications- the findings of this study has practical implications to various group of users of financial information such as investors, policymakers and other stakeholders in the listed manufacturing sector in Nigeria. The study recommends that policymakers reduce the cost of debt, and likewise, managers should emphasize the facilitation of equity capital. Originality- To the best of the researcher's knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between free cash flow and investment efficiency in Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2021 Aliyu Sulaiman Kantudu, Abubakar Sadiq Umar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychological Contract Fulfillment and Attitude towards Organizational Change: A Mediation and Moderation Analysis of Affective Commitment and Empowering Leadership
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Psychological contract fulfillment, attitude towards organizational change, affective commitment, empowering leadership Purpose: The underlying factors connecting psychological contract fulfillment (PCF) to attitude towards organizational change (ATOC) have not received much attention in organizational behavior literature. Hence, this study examined the mediating role of affective commitment (AC) and the moderating role of empowering leadership (EL) in the relationship between PCF and ATOC among employees in private organizations. Design/Methodology: This is a quantitative cross-sectional survey. Systematic sampling was utilized for collecting data from employees in private organizations in Delta State, Nigeria, via standardized self-report measures. The sample consisted of 224 employees with a mean age of 28.56 and a standard deviation of 6.41. Regression analysis (Model 1 and 4 of Hayes PROCESS Macro) was used for testing the hypotheses through IBM SPSS version 26. Findings: The results showed that PCF and AC were positive and significant predictors of ATOC. The results also revealed a significant mediating effect of AC and a moderating effect of EL in the relationship between PCF and ATOC. Practical Implications: Human resources management (HRM) in private organizations should promote practices that enhance employees' attachment to the organization. Also, top managerial staff should be encouraged to practice empowering leadership because it promotes positive workplace behaviors. Originality/Value: The present study enhances and brings new critical knowledge regarding the mediating role of AC and the moderating role of EL in the relationship between PCF and ATOC.
Copyright (c) 2021 Henry Samuel Edosomwan, Chiyem Lucky Nwanzu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mobile Banking Service Quality and Customer Retention: A Moderated Mediation Model of Customer Perceived Value and Perceived Corporate Image
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, Marketing Keywords: Mobile Banking Service Quality, Customer Perceived Value, Perceived Corporate Image, Customer Retention, Kenyan Banking Industry Purpose- This study examined the moderating effect of perceived corporate image on the indirect relationship between mobile banking service quality and customer retention via customer perceived value in the Kenyan banking industry Design/Methodology- The study adopted an explanatory research design, employing multistage, simple random and systematic sampling techniques in collecting data from a sample size of 400 consumers of mobile banking services in Kenya using a self-administered questionnaire Findings- The results reveal a significant mediating effect of customer perceived value on the relationship between mobile banking service quality and customer retention. Moreover, the study established that perceived corporate image moderates the relationship between; mobile banking service quality and customer perceived value and mobile banking service quality and customer retention. Finally, perceived corporate image moderates the indirect link between mobile banking service quality and customer retention via customer retention at all levels Practical Implications- These findings underscore the need for the bank’s management and policymakers to develop quality assurance policies and devise value-centered strategies and image-enhancing strategies to enhance customer retention. Originality/Value - The study’s findings bring new critical knowledge concerning the indirect effect of customer perceived value and perceived corporate image on the study variables.
Copyright (c) 2021 Daniel Kipkirui Langat, Dr. Ronald Bonuke, Dr. Yusuf Kibet https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Leapfrogging in Marketing: Empirical Analysis of Kenyan Mobile Phone Industry
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, Marketing Keywords: Leapfrog marketing, Perceived product quality Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the concept of leapfrogging in the mobile phone industry in the Republic of Kenya. Design/Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional research design, stratified and simple random sampling techniques in collecting data from 349 respondents picked from a population of 15506 employees of three Cosmopolitan County Governments in Kenya. Findings: Outcome indicates that; perceived product quality and perceived switching cost positively and significantly influence intentions to Leapfrog. However, the urgency to replace does not influence choices to leapfrog. Originality/value: The study findings bring a new understanding of the determinants of consumer leapfrogging and their intentions to leapfrog in the mobile phone industry and highlight the role perceived product quality and switching cost play in determining intention leapfrog.
Copyright (c) 2021 Mae Chepkoech, Prof. Charles Lagat, Prof Gary L. Frankwick https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Segmenting Investors on their Biases Manifested in Investment Decision-Making by Individual Investors
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Investment decision-making,, Psychological biases, Segmentation, Factor Analysis Purpose- This study proposes to identify the certain biases affecting investor decision-making and to segment investors accordingly. Design/Methodology- A quantitative research method was applied to measure the existence and impact of the biases on investment decision-making. A survey was administered among the stock market investors in Uttar Pradesh. Factor analysis was used to extract those biases that significantly impact investment decision-making and their mean score to assess the level of agreement that affects their investment decisions. Findings - The finding reveals that eight extracted factors affect the investment decisions and accordingly segment them on the biases they exhibit. The investors tend to fall into Imitator, Stereotypical, Independent Individualist, Risk Intolerant, Efficient Planner, Confident, Passive, and Competent Confirmer. The Imitators, Independent Individualists, and Confident investors show their higher level of agreement that highly affects their equity investment decision-making. Practical Implication- This study provides a base to segment the investors on their biases. In addition, it will help in customizing the investment recommendation based on their biases to improve the investment decisions.
Copyright (c) 2021 Afreen Fatima, Jitendra Kumar Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Entrepreneurial Training and Entrepreneurial Intentions
Section: Research Articles Categories: Entrepreneurship Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Training, Self-efficacy, Entrepreneurial Intentions, Students, Uganda Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the association between Entrepreneurial Training and Entrepreneurial Intentions is mediated by (1) Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, (2) Entrepreneurial Attitude, and (3) whether the first mediation is further mediated by Entrepreneurial Attitude. Design – to attain the study objectives, a cross-sectional and explanatory survey approach was employed. Systematic sampling technique was utilized to collect data from a sample of 458 final-year undergraduate students from two Ugandan public universities. Results – a significant partial mediation effect of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Attitude between Entrepreneurship Training and Entrepreneurial Intentions was established and a mediated mediation effect. Implications – the study provides maiden evidence that Entrepreneurial Training and Entrepreneurial Intentions are significantly and serially mediated by Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Attitude. Managers and policymakers may use this study results to further student’s entrepreneurial competencies. Society may also use our results to support entrepreneurial ventures as a vehicle for creating jobs for graduates Originality/value – the novelty of this paper is threefold; it provides evidence on the mediating role of; (1) entrepreneurial self-efficacy, (2) entrepreneurial attitude, and (3) we provide initial evidence on the mediated mediation effect of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Attitude in the relationship between Entrepreneurial Training and Entrepreneurial Intentions.
Copyright (c) 2021 Moses Kisame Kisubi, Michael Korir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Employee Engagement, Work Environment and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment and Performance of Employees: A Sampling Weights in PLS path Modelling
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Employee performance, Organizational commitment, Work environment, Weighted partial least squares, Ghana. Purpose- This paper explored the link between employee engagement, work environment, and job satisfaction on organizational commitment and employee performance in Ghana's Banking sector considering moderated-mediated interaction. Design/Methodology- Data were obtained from seven hundred and twenty (720) employees from selected financial banks in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana through simple random probability sampling. However, seven hundred (700) responses were deemed accurate and therefore used in the analysis. In the analytical process, Weighted Partial Least Squares (WPLS) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were employed. Findings- From the findings, the studied data for both WPLS-SEM and PLS-SEM models met internal consistency reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity. Also, organizational commitment fully mediated the link between work environment and employee performance in the WPLS-SEM model compared to PLS-SEM with partial mediation. It was statistically significant at p<0.01. Practical Implications- Based on the findings, it’s recommended that organizations and managers focus on developing the workers' workplace environment in numerous ways. This should entail valuing workers' contributions, communicating the company's progress and achievement to workers, thus instilling ownership in workers, providing them with a work-life balance, providing the requisite knowledge and tools for successful production, and providing a stable atmosphere. The workplace of all these factors could increase workers' morale and lead to increased productivity.
Copyright (c) 2021 Isaac Ahakwa, Jingzhao Yang, Evelyn Agba Tackie, Samuel Atingabili https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development Idiosyncratic Deals and Employee Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Development I-deals, Leader-Member Exchange, Employee Performance, ICT Organizations Employee performance has been at the helm of academic research over the years. The changing nature of work has unearthed several antecedents of job performance. The purpose of this study was to examine employee performance through the development of Idiosyncratic deals and Leader-Member-Exchange-quality lens of antecedents. The study is anchored on the social exchange theory. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of 325 employees of ICT firms in Uganda, using a cross-sectional survey. Three hundred two responses were used for analysis after cleaning of data. The direct hypotheses were tested using correlation analysis, while the mediation was tested using the Hayes Process macro model 4. The results supported the relationship between development idiosyncratic deals and employee performance and LMX quality and employee performance. This study found a significant mediating role of LMX-quality on the relationship between development idiosyncratic deals and employee performance. The study made contributions to the literature on idiosyncratic deals, employee performance, leader-member exchange quality as well, as the Social exchange theory. The study recommends adopting good quality LMX relationships to enhance the role of development idiosyncratic deals on employee performance among ICT firms.
Copyright (c) 2021 Mariam Tauba, Andrew Kimwolo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Entrepreneurial Behavior Skills among Small Farmers: An Exploratory Study
Section: Research Articles Categories: Entrepreneurship Keywords: Agribusiness, entrepreneurial behaviour, enterprise, smallholder, potato farmer Aim - The study assessed the entrepreneurial behavior skills of smallholder potato farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya. Methodology - A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were collected from a total of 267 respondents using multistage sampling techniques. The principal component analysis was used to check the reliability and construct variability of entrepreneurial behavior skills. An entrepreneurial behavior index was generated to measure the behavior skills of smallholder potato farmers. Findings - The results show that most smallholder potato farmers had a medium level of risk-taking ability, proactiveness behavior, innovativeness behavior, information-seeking behavior, cosmopoliteness behavior, and decision-making ability. The study concluded that this medium level of entrepreneurial behavior skills made smallholder potato farmers unable to perceive potato farming as a profitable and viable agribusiness venture. Originality - The study recommends that entrepreneurial training with practical demonstration and effective communication skills should be used as an approach to empower and promote the development of entrepreneurial behavior qualities among smallholder potato farmers.
Copyright (c) 2021 John Agbolosoo, Richmond Anaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Performance Appraisal and Promotion Practices of Public Commercial Banks in Bangladesh- A Case Study on ACR Method
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Performance appraisal, Promotion, ACR, Public Commercial Banks, Bangladesh Purpose- Performance appraisal is crucial for enhancing the productivity of employees working in any sector. This paper investigates the prevailing performance appraisal system and promotion policy of selected public commercial banks (Sonali Bank Ltd, Rupali Bank Ltd, and Agrani Bank Ltd) in Bangladesh. Design/Methodology- The study is a descriptive case of three banks. The researchers interviewed six experienced banking professionals who provided rich data about their respective banks' performance appraisal and feedback systems. The findings of the study are based on the thematic analysis of the respondents’ statements. However, the study also utilized secondary sources for other relevant information. Findings- The study found that all the banks have an established system for evaluating employee performances through ACR with structured criteria for the promotion. The standard criteria include ACR, academic degree, banking diploma, length of service, etc. However, the grading scale for promoting to different positions is differing among the banks. The study also addressed some limitations of the ACR method as rating only by the manager, biasness on ratings, no appraisal feedback to employees etc. Practical Implications- The study seeks to drive the attention of policymakers to utilize their existing performance appraisal system better and design a more effective one with a well-established promotion policy to encourage the employees to give their best effort at the workplace.
Copyright (c) 2021 Nishath Anjum, Md. Mashfiqur Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organizational-Based Self-Esteem and Organizational Identification as Predictors of Turnover Intention: Mediating Role of Organizational Trust
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Organizational-based self-esteem, organizational identification, turnover intention, Organizational trust Purpose- This study aimed to examine the predictive role of organizational-based self-esteem and organizational identification on turnover intention while also studying the mediating effect of organizational trust among employees across five organizations. Design/Methodology- This study utilized the cross-sectional research design and quantitative approach for data collection. The study sample comprises 131 employees drawn from five organizations with a mean age of 33.15 years (SD, 7.97). Standardized instruments (questionnaires) were used for data collection. The IBM-SPSS Statistics and Hayes PROCESS macro (model 4) was used for testing the hypotheses and conducting the mediational analysis. Findings- The results of the study revealed a significant negative relationship between organizational-based self-esteem and turnover intention (β= -.33, p < .01), and also a significant negative relationship between organizational identification and turnover intention (β=-.29, p < .01). Organizational trust was also found to mediate both relationships. Practical Implications- The results of this study highlight the importance of organizational-based self-esteem, organizational identification and trust in reducing turnover intention. The study recommends that to keep employees in the organization, human resources management (HRM) needs to foster trust, build practice that will promote identification and attachment, and enhance the relationship between the organization and employees.
Copyright (c) 2021 Tochukwu Matthew Oguegbe, Henry Samuel Edosomwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparative Study of Banking Industry Based on Appraisal System, Rewards and Employee Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Appraisal system, Reward system, Job satisfaction, Employee performance Purpose- This study was aimed to throw light on the appraisal and reward system, and its effects on job satisfaction and employee performance in the banking sector of Pakistan. Design/Methodology- The research was based on primary data collected from the two major cities of Pakistan, Lahore and Kasur. A total of 250 structured questionnaires were rotated to Islamic and conventional banks in different parts of both cities. Out of these 222 questionnaires were returned and were in usable form. The data so collected was analyzed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). statistical techniques such as regression analysis, correlation analysis, descriptive analysis and t-test were used. Findings- The results of the study revealed that appraisal was negatively correlated while the reward system was positively correlated to employee performance. Practical implications- This research will help banks in reviewing their policies to make optimum use of their employees to meet certain goals of the bank. This research reveals that the appraisal system of the bank is affecting negatively on employees performance. This study will help in developing criteria which will help managers to appraise the employees in an effective way.
Copyright (c) 2019 Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad, Dr. Rizwan Qaisar Danish, Syed Adnan Ali, Hafiz Fawad Ali, Dr. Asad Afzal Humayon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Compliance of Financial Statements of Islamic Banks of Pakistan with AAOIFI Guidelines in General Presentation and Disclosure
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance, Islamic Finance Keywords: Disclosure, Financial Statements, Islamic Banks, AAOIFI Objective - This study intends to investigate the extent of voluntary financial reporting compliance made by Islamic banks of Pakistan as suggested by Islamic accounting standards (i.e. AAOIFI). Design/Methodology - The study is based on an empirical evaluation of financial statements of Islamic banks of Pakistan. Data sample consists of financial statements for the years 2009, 2015, 2016 and 2017 relating to of all four full-fledged Islamic banks in Pakistan. The first standard in Islamic accounting standards suggests a total of 111 items for compliance while preparing a financial statement of Islamic Banks. As per existing regulatory requirements, Islamic banks in Pakistan are required to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards while preparing their financial statements. Findings - However, the analysis suggests Islamic banks in Pakistan are in compliance of more than 50% of requirements as suggested by Islamic accounting standards. Implications – The insights will help the industry decision makers to increase the voluntary disclosures by the Islamic banks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Asim Ehsan, Syed Kashif Saeed, Muhammad Asghar Shahzad, Hafiz Rauf Iqbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Talent Management Practices on Employee Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Talent Management, Employee Performance, Talent Attraction, Talent Retention, Learning and Development Purpose- The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of talent management practices on employee performance among employees working in healthcare organizations of Pakistan. Design/Methodology- This study employed a cross-sectional design and quantitative approach. To select the sample from the population convenience sampling was utilized. The sample of the study was comprised of 364 employees working in healthcare organizations to determine the performance of employee because of talent management practices. Questionnaire was used for collection of data. Findings- The outcomes of the study revealed a significantly positive effect of talent management practices i.e. recruitment and selection for talent attraction, coaching and mentoring for learning and development of talent, compensation for retention of talent on employee performance. Practical Implications- The results of study might help human resource management department of health care organizations through executing practices to manage talented employees can help them to motivate employee to perform effectually to meet the organizational objectives. Health care organizations should develop strategies and practices to manage the talent to be able to embrace changes through attracting, developing and retaining the talented employees to tackle the current and future needs of organization.
Copyright (c) 2019 Munaza Bibi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Employment of Set Operations to Improve LMP Assessments Design and Implementation
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, SCM Keywords: Lean Manufacturing Practices, Waste Assessment, Set Theory, Operational Performance, Financial Performance, LMP Objective - This paper aims to provide a new mathematical model for the construction of assessment tools for Lean Manufacturing Practices (LMP) through the integration process with the set operations. This study also strives to develop key elements to enhance the effectiveness of LMP assessments and their impact through mathematical interrelationship. Problem - Previous studies have shown a lack of clear mathematical methodology to carry out a rigorous assessment of the LMP effects on the firm’s operational and financial performance. Therefore, this paper tries to address this aspect by developing new equations. Design - The methodology of this study is based on the conversion of the linguistic description (companies, processes, waste, practices) into numerical measurement model by integrating with set theory. Finding - The results show a set of relationships and equations that can be applied to be a fundamental basis for ensuring the effectiveness of the assessment. This paper may contribute to the improvement of LMP’s design and development.
Copyright (c) 2019 Malek Khalaf Albezuirat, Rosmaini Ahmad, Muhammad Iqbal Hussain, Falah Mustafa Al-Saraireh, Asia Khalaf Albzeirat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Employee Training and Succession Planning of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Abia State, Nigeria
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: On the job training, Succession planning, Mentoring Purpose- This study investigates the relationship between employee training and succession planning in deposit money banks in Abia State using cross-sectional survey. Ten deposit money banks were surveyed using simple random sampling technique. Design/Methodology- A total population of one hundred and twenty staff was investigated with a sample size of ninety two. Validity of instrument was determined using face validity while Cronbach Alpha was used to ascertain the reliability of the instrument. Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient (rho) was used to analyze the hypotheses with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (20.0). Findings- The study found that employee training has a positive significant relationship with succession planning. It concluded that employee training measured in terms of on-the-job training and mentoring promotes succession planning in deposit money banks. Practical Implications- The study recommends that managers, human resource professionals as well as directors of financial institutions should employ on-the-job training and mentoring for effective succession planning in the workplace.
Copyright (c) 2019 Edeh Ogbu Friday https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the Impact of Work Environment on Employee Engagement among Non-Academic Staff of the University
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Work Environment, Employee Engagement Aim of the Study - The objective of this study was to access the impact of work environment on employee engagement among the non-academic staffs of the university in Nigeria. Social exchange theory (SET) was utilized in developing the research framework. Methodology - A total of 150 non-academics staff from l University, representing a response rate of 63.3% participated in this study. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The correlation and the hypothesis were tested using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 2.0). The Cronbach’s Alpha value for the variables ranging from 0.724 to 0.804 indicates very good reliability of the research instrument. Findings - The findings indicate a moderate relationship between the work environment and employee engagement, and the hypothesis is not supported. Practical Implications - The study will provide direction to both the management and the university staff for them to proactively focus on providing a healthy and comfortable working environment that will boost engagement, which lead towards enhancing the performance of university staff, and also the university administrators in various ways.
Copyright (c) 2019 Yusuf Nasidi, A. U. Makera, A. M. Kamaruddeen, I. M. Jemaku https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Strategic Planning on Growth of Small Businesses in Nigeria.
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Strategic Planning, Small Business Strategic Planning, Small Business Growth, Customer Loyalty Purpose- There is a need to develop a framework that will improve the understandings of business planning and performance and its effects on growth particularly during the stages of small business development. The study attempted to fill in the gap stated. Design - The single case qualitative study relates small business growth with strategic planning where financial performance, market share, sales, and profits or instead return on investment is used to measure the growth. Existing literature fails to establish a concrete relationship between strategic planning and growth of small businesses which indicates a gap in the literature that will help understand the steps of managing the organizational transition of small business growth. Findings - The study fails to establish a significant relationship between formal planning and transitional growth, but instead found the influence of the planning process in communication the owner’s goals, vision, mission, and intentions to both internal and external stakeholders of small businesses. The study influence of the shared vision with customers on making them loyal and advertisers through word of mouth. The study revealed how customers’ word of mouth increased the customer base of small businesses thereby increasing the product demand and eventual expansion of capacity leading to the growth of small businesses. The growth of small businesses will result in an increased reduction in the unemployment rate which will reduce the poverty rate in the Nigerian economy. Practical Implications- Answering the primary and supporting questions will help small business owners to understand how strategic planning is essential in the transitional growth of their businesses.
Copyright (c) 2019 Babandi Ibrahim Gumel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
What Determines Bond Market Development? New Theoretical Insights
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Bond Market Development, Theoretical Relationship, Financial Crisis, Foreign Capital Inflows Purpose- To diversify financing portfolio and reduce the reliance on the banking system, developing economies have realized the importance of bond market development. Bond markets facilitate economies to be more resilient towards the events of financial crises. Therefore, the share of the bond market in the financial system of the Asian economies has remarkably increased in the last decade. However, the academic literature on the bond market is very limited as compared to bank and equity markets. This was mainly because of the unavailability of vast data due to the absence of secondary markets for bonds in most of the economies. To fill this gap, this conceptual study postulates the theoretical relationships of bond market with various macroeconomic and financial factors. The study also assumes some new dimensions for bond financing and opens discussion for scholarly literature and empirical justifications. Design/Methodology- Content analysis approach is used to review relevant literature for the possible associations of the bond market with macroeconomic and financial factors. Practical Implications- The theoretical relationships discussed in the paper need empirical testing in future research to conclude policy implications. If the relationship between foreign capital and bond securities is established with empirical justification, we draw the policy that concerned authorities need to create a suitable environment for the attraction of foreign capital to provide support to the development of domestic debt market.
Copyright (c) 2019 Ameenullah Aman, Asmadi Mohamed Naim, Mohamad Yazid Isa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Budgetary Participation, Organizational Commitment, and Leadership Styles on the Employees’ Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Budgetary Participation, Organizational Commitment, Leadership Styles, Employee Performance Aim -This study aimed at gaining the empirical evidence vis-a-vis the effect of budgetary participation, organizational commitment, and leadership styles on the employees’ performance. Design -This study made use of the primary data garnered from questionnaires distributed to the employees who were directly engaged in the preparation of budget within the work units in working area of the state treasury service office (in Indonesian language known by Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara and abbreviated as KPPN) of Surakarta. The work units covered several regions such as Surakarta, Sukoharjo, and Wonogiri. This study incorporated 80 work units under both ministry and institution. Of 165 questionnaires which were distributed, 116 pieces were returned and could further be analyzed. The independent variables in this study fell into budgetary participation, organizational commitment, and leadership styles, whereas the dependent variable was the employees’ performance. Findings -The results indicated the following details: 1) budgetary participation had a positive effect on the employees ‘performance; 2) organizational commitment had a positive effect on the employees’ performance; 3a) the authoritarian leadership style had no effect on the employees’ performance; 3b) the democratic leadership style had a positive effect on the employees’ performance; and 3c) the laissez-faire leadership style had no effect on the employees’ performance.
Copyright (c) 2019 Mila Purani Sistiyan, Palikhatun Palikhatun, Payamta Payamta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Investigation of the Diversification Roles of Contractor
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Contractor, Diversification roles, Construction industry The construction industry is facing a period of change due to the revolution of new technology, emphasis on strategic alliances and demanding customers. As one of the key players in the construction industry, the contractors play an important role in the development of the construction industry. They are known for their traditional roles during the construction stage by managing and production on site. Due to changes in the industry, the contractors’ role has been evolving during the years, this has impacted their roles to change as well. This paper reviews the traditional roles of the contractor and discusses the reasons for their evolving roles in the construction industry. Finally, this paper delves into the various diversification roles of the contractor in Malaysia which are categorised into two such as the management and technical.
Copyright (c) 2019 Nur Azila Adros, Dr. Nazirah Zainul Abidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Peer effects, Financial Decisions and Industry Concentration
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Peer effect, Finance, Industry Concentration, Review Purpose- This article reviews literature related to peer effects and different financial decisions. It further summarizes the theory and motives that drive peer effects. Also, the study highlights the influence of industry concentration on peer interaction in financial decision making. This content analysis of scantily available peer effect literature has been performed to highlight the significance of peer effects in financial decision making like investment, cash holding, leverage and many more. Most of the existing peer effects literature focuses on the U.S. However, peer effects also occur in other countries but empirical evidence is comparatively limited. But, managers may take into consideration their industry peers especially if their firms are operating in highly competitive environments. Design/Methodology- Content analysis approach is applied to review prevailing financial literature on peer interactions and financial decisions with a special focus on industry concentration in explaining the peer effects. Practical Implications- As the prime focus of managerial decisions is to maximize the firm’s value. Hence, information about peers would be helpful in making better decisions, especially in highly competitive environments. Also, this review of selected literature provides pathways for future research in investigating the motives of peer effects.
Copyright (c) 2019 Isma Zaighum, Dr. Mohd Zaini Abd Karim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Quantity Surveying Firms' Process and Product Innovation Drive in Nigeria
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Construction Industry, Innovation, Process Innovation, Product Innovation, Quantity Surveying Firms, Innovative Tools, Nigeria Purpose- Innovation repositions and strengthens the competitive advantage and revenue drive of corporate businesses. The aim of this study is to assess the extent of the process and product innovation in Nigerian Quantity Surveying firms with a view to determining the innovative tools/concepts used. Design/Methodology- The study adopted a questionnaire survey in which simple random sampling was used to collect data from Quantity Surveyors working with Quantity Surveying firms in the study area. Relative importance Index, mean score, frequencies, andpercentages were used to analyze the data collected, and Rogers' innovation adopters categorization was employed to determine the level of adoption of innovation by Quantity Surveyors. Findings- The study found that Quantity Surveying firms do not engage the services of innovation specialist because of financial constraint. The most adopted innovative tools/concept by Quantity Surveying firms are MS Excel, Computer Aided Taking-off, CATO, and CA Estimating, and these firms are an early majority in the adoption of process and product/technological innovations. Practical Implications- The study would assist Quantity Surveying firms who have notembraced innovation to do so, by adopting and incorporating innovative practices in the running of the business transactions and operations to improve clients' satisfaction, profit generation, andcompany image.
Copyright (c) 2019 Onyeagam Onyealilam Peter, Emmanuel Chidiebere Eze, Adegboyega Adesoji Anthony https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Organization Politics on Human Resource Management Practices and Employee Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Organization Politics, Nepotism, Favoritism, HRM Practices, Employee Performance Purpose- The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of nepotism & favoritism as a form of organization politics on HRM practices and employee performance. Design/Methodology- Explanatory research design was employed to determine the effect of nepotism & favoritism on HRM practices and employee performance. Primary data collection method was used among employees working in different public-sector hospitals based on their accessibility. For this study, the sample of 150 employees was used. The adapted questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Findings- The correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between favoritism, employee performance & HRM practices whereas nepotism has a significant association with employee performance but the insignificant relationship with HRM practices. The outcomes of the study unveiled a significantly negative effect of nepotism on employee performance & HRM practices while favoritism has a significantly positive effect on employee performance & HRM practices. Practical Implications- The study outcomes might help public sector hospitals HR department to incorporate some changes regarding their policies to prevent the nepotistic & favoritism practices which can lead to creating a politics in the organization in which everyone works to fulfill his or her self- interest without focusing towards organizational goals achievement.
Copyright (c) 2019 Rehana Yasmeen, Munaza Bibi, Ali Raza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of HR Policies and Practices on Employee Job Satisfaction
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: HR Practices, Job Satisfaction, HR Policies, Employee Motivation Aim - This research highlights the HR policies and practices in terms of compensation and performance evaluation and its impact on employee job satisfaction. This study will fill the gap in the literature by providing information on compensation and performance functions of human resource. Design - In this research descriptive design is taken in the collection of bias-free data. A sample of 42 respondents was taken into consideration from different management level of PTCL such as top, middle and lower level and the target population of this study was human resource department, management, and administrative staff. To collect the required information closed-ended questionnaire was used and were divided into three part; initially questionnaire identify the demographic factors of the respondents, then highlight the Likert scale options 1 being strongly disagreed and 5 strongly agree. Findings - In findings of this research we highly recommend the management to have fair and equitable compensation policies and establish performance evaluation system which can reduce to biases at all levels.
Copyright (c) 2019 Amir Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationships between Leader Creativity Expectations, Intrinsic Motivation, and Creative Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, Leadership Keywords: Leader Creativity Expectations, Intrinsic Motivation, Creative Performance Objective: The objectives of this conceptual paper are two folds: to propose and argue a) the direct relationship between leader creativity expectations and creative performance; and b) the mediating role of intrinsic motivation between leader creativity expectations and creative performance. Design: Drawing upon Pygmalion effect, Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation, and componential theory of creativity, two propositions are suggested. Findings: It is proposed that there will be a positive relationship between leader creativity expectations and creative performance. In addition, the authors also make the case that intrinsic motivation will mediate the relationship between leader creativity expectations and creative performance. Originality: The significant original contribution of this article is that it suggests a theoretical relationship of Pygmalion effect with Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation and componential theory of creativity to propose a new conceptual framework. In addition, this paper extends our knowledge regarding the pertinent role of leader creativity expectations in stimulating the divergent thinking process of people in the workplace. Policy Implications: This article attempts to provide a clear guideline to both practitioners and academicians to better explore the relationship between expectations and employee creativity. The proposed framework may be applied in various social contexts such as healthcare, education, creative advertising, research and development, hospitality and new business incubation.
Copyright (c) 2019 Muhammad Shahnawaz Adil, Kamal Bin Ab Hamid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Employees’ Recognition, Rewards and Job Stress on Job Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Employee Rewards, Recognition, Job Stress, Perceived Organizational Support, Employee Performnance Aim - the purpose of this study is to examine the role of employee rewards, recognition, and job-related stress towards employee performance considering the mediating role of perceived organizational support in the call-centers located in Lahore, Pakistan. Design - The data has been gathered through the survey method of the questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique is used for this study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structure equation modeling (SEM) techniques have been used for statistical analysis. Findings - Results showed that employee rewards and recognition have a significant and positive effect on employee performance whereas job stress has a significant and negative effect on employee performance. Findings also revealed that perceived organizational support significantly and fully mediates the relationship between employee rewards, recognition, and job stress and employee performance. So this study puts light on crucial factors that lead to better employee performance. Implications - Employee rewards and recognition play an important role in overall employee performance. If the companies will not take it seriously, then it might lead to negative consequences. On the other hand, job stress also plays a vital role in employee performance.
Copyright (c) 2019 Syed Durrab Hussain, Dr. Abdul Khaliq, Qasim Ali Nisar, Aamir Zamir Kamboh, Shahzad Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sharī‘ah Analysis of Acquisition of House Financing Portfolio
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance, Islamic Finance Keywords: Acquisition of House Financing portfolio,, Citi Bank, Pakistan, Bank Islami Purpose - The Objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive scenario of the Acquisition of House Financing transaction taken place between Bank Islami and Citi Bank during 2010 in the light of Sharī’ah guidelines. The purpose of this whole complex transaction was to acquire Citi Banks house financing portfolio. The successful completion of such a transaction is an important milestone for Islamic Banking. The complete understanding of such transactions is of prime importance for Islamic banking academia. Findings - The study concludes that the transaction based on Hawalah (assignment of debt) and Wakalah Lil Qabz (recovery agency) is very complex and intelligently designed to conduct these transactions. Policy Implications - This study will enable the policymakers, Sharī’ah Advisors, and bankers to explore new avenues for investment in Islamic Banking Institutions. This study will also enable academicians and research students to conduct research for product development in related areas with conventional banks. The complete understanding of such transactions is of prime importance for the product development department of Islamic Banks.
Acquisition of House Financing portfolio,
Copyright (c) 2019 Muhammad Asghar Shahzad, Syed Kashif Saeed, Asim Ehsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Regulatory Capital on Risk Taking By Pakistani Banks
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Regulatory Capital, Regulation, Risk Taking, Banks of Pakistan Objective - The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between capital regulation and risk-taking by the banks of Pakistan. Design - This study was conducted on all the commercial banks of Pakistan and data were collected from the year 2005 to 2016. Findings - This study concluded the significant positive relationship between regulatory capital and risk-taking by banks in Pakistan. The findings of this study play a key role in the implementation of capital regulations in the banks of developing countries. Policy Implications - In the light of this study, the regulators must revise their implementation process of the Basel Accord capital regulations in the banks of developing countries. The prime intention of regulators are only on to maintain the minimum capital ratios but must be conscious of other important elements of capital regulation implications. Originality - This study is one of the first attempts that investigated the crucial role of regulatory capital towards risk-taking in the Pakistani context.
Copyright (c) 2019 Muhammad Sajjad Hussain, Dr. Muhammad Muhaizam Musa, Dr. Abdelnaser Omran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Talent Management and Workers’ Commitment
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Talent Management, Workers' Commitment, Talent Attraction, Talent Development, Commitment, Talent Retention Purpose: This investigates the relationship between talent management and workers’ commitment to oil and gas firms in Nigeria using a cross-sectional survey. Ten oil and gas servicing firms were surveyed using simple random sampling. Design/Methodology: A population of 125 managers and supervisors were surveyed from ten oil and gas firms in Rivers state while a sample of 95 was ascertained from the population using Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination table. Reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha. Face and content validity was employed. 95 copies of the questionnaire were administered to managers and supervisors but 74 copies were correctly filled and returned. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (rs) was used to analyze the hypotheses with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 20.0) while respondents’ characteristics were analyzed using frequency distribution. Findings: The study found that talent management has a positive significant relationship with workers commitment. It concluded that talent management measured in terms of talent attraction, talent development and talent retention promotes workers commitment in oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Practical Implications: This study recommends that managers of oil and gas firms should endeavor to employ all compensation plans necessary to retain talents in the industry as this will enhance their commitment towards achieving organizational goals.
Copyright (c) 2019 Edeh Ogbu Friday, Mlanga Sunday https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mediating Effect of Intellectual Capital on Corporate Governance and Performance of Conglomerates in Nigeria
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Corporate Governance, Performance, Conglomerate, Nigerian Economy Purpose: The nature of diversification in the form of conglomerates is the research theme for this study. Thus, CG’s functions on FP on conglomerates firms of Nigerian economy was studied while applying IC as the mediating variable. Design/Methodology: This research depends on archival data collected from the NSE. Firms have been chosen based on the convenient sampling method and an important parameter for judgment is Conglomerated firms. In order to get genuine results, ten years of financial data have been taken into consideration. Multiple regression technique was used to analyze the data. The software used for analysis was STATA version 14.0. Results: The model I of the study disclose a pessimistic and insignificant impact of board size and board independence on IC using VAIC as a proxy. In contrast, model II results disclosed that the performance of the firms was impacted by the board’s size and institutional ownership. Implying that, the greater the size of the firm as well as more shares owned by institutional shareholders the higher the profit. Practical Implications: Nigeria being one of the growing economies now is dependent on knowledge assets and hence it has a positive effect on the firm’s performance. Conglomeration is seen even between employee’s skills of both industries, which give a positive outcome. Hence, firms under conglomerate tags have a strong impact in relation to intellectual capital.
Copyright (c) 2019 Ahmed Jinjri Bala, Dr. Anand Shankar Raja Manivannan, Kabiru Isa Dandago https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Influence of Age group on Job Satisfaction in Academia
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Age Group, Social Exchange Theory, Work Itself, Recognition Purpose - Job Satisfaction (JS) has seen an upsurge concern in the arena of school management and it is highly associated with the age groups of school teachers. Thus, this study focused to ascertain the level of JS and examine it via age groups of school teachers. Design - The scholar applied a cross-sectional survey design in post-positivist paradigm. The data were amassed from 345 school teachers of a cluster via self-administer questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics and ANOVA test. In the meantime, social exchange theory was employed to scrutinize the results. Findings - This study found that the school teachers expressed moderate satisfaction in the job. Likewise, the age groups significantly influence the JS among school teachers. More specifically, the senior age group teachers expressed more satisfaction in the job than other groups of the teacher. Subsequently, these job satisfied teachers contribute to more job commitment, effectiveness and work performances in the school. Furthermore, JS facilitates school to achieve elevated academic success. Implications - The study endows with the concrete approach for other forthcoming scholar to explore the contribution of age groups on JS among academia.
Copyright (c) 2019 Milan Shrestha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychological Contract Fulfillment on Employees Reactions within the Context of Organizational Justice
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Psychological Contract, Employee Reaction, Organizational Justice Aim - The objective of the study was to examine the psychological contract expectations by employees and the impact of any deviation from its perceived benefits by the employees of an organization, as they occur within social exchange relationships to account for employee responses. Methodology - This is an exploratory longitudinal study in which an investigation is made into the changes in employment obligations as perceived by employees based on the level of fulfillment of contract obligations by their employer(s). Findings - It was deduced that an employer's inability to fulfill its contractual commitments was the foundational cause associated with the decline in cooperation of the employees to fulfill their employment obligations. Significance - The results of the current study show that there is a significant and positive relationship between Psychological Contract Fulfilment and Employee Reaction. Results presented that there is a significant and positive relationship between Organizational Justice and Employee Reaction. Results presented that there is a significant and positive relationship between Organizational Justice and Psychological Contract Fulfilment.
Copyright (c) 2019 Abdul Khaliq, Kashif Mehmood, Aamir Zamir Kamboh, Kainat Durrani, Muhammad Haidar Zarar, Shaheen Nazar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Do Non-Traditional Income, Size, and Growth Affect the Performance of the Banks?
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Return on Assets, Non-Traditional Income, Growth, Size Purpose- The aim of this study is to examine the impact of non-traditional income, size and growth on the performance of the banks in big three economies of South Asia, as in the modern banking, non-traditional income plays a vital role by acting as a link between bank and its customers. Design- This study utilized the annual data over the period from 1996 to 2015, data were obtained from Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED). This study examines the long-run as well as the short-run relationship among variables through the statistical technique of Panel ARDL. Findings- The findings of this study showed a significant and positive relationship between non-traditional income and return on assets as well as bank size and return on assets. While the association among the growth and return on assets is negative but significant. Policy Implications- Policy recommendation of this study suggests that banks should also explore new avenues of non-interest valued added services to their customers which will not only facilitate their customers also attract new customers which ultimately enhance the performance of the banks as well as the country.
Copyright (c) 2019 Ramzan Ali, Zahir Zahid Butt, Sami Ullah Butt https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Limiting the Full-scale Adoption of Process and Product Innovation in the Nigerian Construction Industry
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, SCM Keywords: Construction Industry, Barriers, Innovation, Contractors, Consultants Purpose- The aim of this study is to assess the factors limiting the full-scale adoption of process and product innovation by construction organizations in Nigeria with a view to suggesting probable ways of eliminating them Design/Methodology- The study adopted a questionnaire survey approach in which data were collected from the participants using simple random sampling techniques in the study area. Frequency, percentage, mean item score, and Independent sample T-test was used to analyze the gathered data. Findings- It was found that poor funding, poor support and commitment from management, fragmented nature of the construction business, poor coordination and communication among project participants, lack of qualified and experienced staff and the unwillingness of clients to pay for innovative ideas are the factors limiting innovations in construction. Practical Implications- The outcome of this study will give the management of construction-based organizations an insight into the major limiting factors of innovation, so that appropriate strategies for overcoming them could be developed at the conception stage of construction projects.
Copyright (c) 2019 Emmanuel Chidiebere Eze , Onyinye SOFOLAHAN, Adesoji Anthony ADEGBOYEGA, Kenneth John SAIDU https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mitigating the Challenges of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria
Section: Research Articles Categories: Entrepreneurship Keywords: Small Business Success, SMEs in Nigeria, Entrepreneurship Development Purpose- The purpose of the paper is to provide owners and managers of small businesses with necessary information about the challenges facing small businesses in Nigeria and present the possible tools, policies, and strategies to mitigate them. Design/Methodology- Using the multi-case qualitative study, managers of successful small businesses narrated in an interview the tools, policies, and strategies they used to mitigate the identified challenges. The study answered the central question: what are the tools, policies, and strategies used by managers of successful small businesses to mitigate the challenges facing their firms? Findings- The findings identified continuous government intervention and support to small businesses as a major tool that reduced the challenges facing the sector. Practical Implications- The information found in this study can be used by small business managers to mitigate the challenges facing small businesses and reduce their massive failure in the economy. Mitigating the challenges facing small businesses in Nigeria will increase the number of successful small businesses, which will result in the reduced unemployment rate in the economy. A reduced unemployment rate in the Nigerian economy will increase the wellbeing of citizens, thereby reducing the unemployment rate in the economy.
Contribution of Job Nature on Leadership Style among Academia
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, Leadership Keywords: Leadership styles, Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-fair, Job nature Purpose- Effective leadership practices in schools are only possible while headmaster and teachers adopt suitable leadership styles. The main purpose of this study is to identify the leadership styles as well as determine the association of democratic, autocratic and laissez-faire leadership style with each other among school teachers. Design/Methodology- This study is based on post-positivist research philosophy and cross-sectional survey as the research design which is confirmatory and explanatory in nature. It gathered the data via self-administer questionnaire from 345 school teachers and analyzed through descriptive statistics and parametric test. Findings- The researcher derived that school teachers adopted a more democratic leadership style and gave least prefer to the laissez-faire leadership style in schools. Meanwhile, the lacking of equal facility and access to power exercise contributes to making significant differences in leadership styles across the job nature of school teachers. Furthermore, this study assess that there is no relationship between autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire leadership styles. These distinct styles of leadership may develop the differences in work performances of school teachers. Practical Implications- This research provides the framework for another future researcher to investigate the input of job nature on leadership style among school teachers.
Do Boards Determine Integrated Reporting in Nigerian Listed Oil and Gas Firms?
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Board Attributes, Integrated Reporting Framework, Oil and Gas Firms, Integrated Report Purpose: Integrated reporting is a process founded on integrated thinking, with the aim of issuing periodic integrated reports by firms about value creation over time. This study investigates the effect of board attributes (independence, diligence, and size) on the quality of integrated reporting of Nigerian listed oil and gas firms. Design/Methodology: Panel data are obtained from annual reports of a purposive sample of 10 out of the 12 listed Oil and Gas firms in Nigeria from 2013 to 2017. These are analyzed using multiple regression techniques, via STATA 13.0 software. Results: Based on the analysis conducted, findings show that the board independence and board size have a significant and positive effect, while board diligence has an insignificant and positive effect on the quality of integrated reporting, proxied by integrated reporting disclosure score (IRDSCORE). This outcome implies that having the optimum mix of members on the board influences the extent of integrated disclosures of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Practical Implications: Global corporate reporting is currently driving towards integrated thinking, incorporating financial, governance, social and environmental issues to promote long-term value creation. As a third world nation, the adoption of integrated reports is voluntary in Nigeria. However, considering the information needs of all stakeholders and appointing qualified persons on the board by shareholders, and formulating enabling policies in this direction by regulatory agencies would drive corporate reporting to be more integrative to drive long-term value maximization.
Copyright (c) 2019 Teryima Orshi, Prof. K.I. Dandago, Rehanet Isa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mediating Effect of Work-Life Balance between Motivation and Job Satisfaction and Its Impact on Emotional Intelligence of Mystery Shopping Professionals
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Mystery Shopping Professionals, Job Satisfaction, Work-life Banalnce, Emotional Intelligence Purpose- Enhancing job satisfaction through motivation and Work-Life Balance (WLB) and checking the overall impact on Emotional Intelligence of mystery shopping professionals is the aim of this research. The work depends on factors such as sudden demand, high workload, on-time submission of assignments, a new area for exploration and fluctuation in pay scale. Design- The data were collected from mystery shopping professionals through social media platform using a questionnaire link (N=338). The sampling technique employed in this study was a convenient sampling technique. CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) using AMOS software was performed. The questionnaire instrument SSREI, GJSS, WEIMS and (Tasdelen’s WLB) were adopted for this study. Findings- The study revealed that motivation has a positive impact on Work-life balance and intern enhances the job satisfaction of mystery shoppers. However, the overall impact on EI is negative. The Goodness of Fit Index such as (AGFI, NFI, TLI, CFI, RMSEA, RMR, and AVE) indicates a good fit of the Structural Equation Model. Originality/Value: The study reflected on the four essential concepts, which has evolved in the domain of HRM and OB for many years. In the context of mystery-shopping professional, it has been used and the recommendations will help the market research agencies and the mystery shoppers. Exploring Work-Life Balance (WLB) as a mediating variable between motivation and Job satisfaction and the overall impact on EI of mystery shopping professionals is a new insight.
Copyright (c) 2019 Dr. Anand Shankar Raja Manivannan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship between Ownership Structure and Capital Structure
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Ownership Sturcture, Capital Structure, Profitability, Pooled OLS, Chemical Sector Objective – The main objective of this study is to measure the relationship between ownership structure and capital structure by using the chemical sector of Pakistan. Design – This study is used the panel data and retrieved from the annual reports of the chemical sector of Pakistan for the time period of 2012 to 2017. Findings – The finding the statistical analysis shows that ownership structure has a significant positive relationship on capital structure. Which mitigate the agency conflicts among managers and shareholders, because the majority of the shareholders would like to have a higher level of debt over equity financing. Policy Implications – The findings of this study also can be helpful to the policymakers, investors and financial institution in designing ownership structures and financing decisions for firms. Originality – This is the first study that examined the relationship between ownership structure and capital structure in the context of the chemical sector of Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2019 Sadia Murtaza, Irsa Azam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Linking Product Line Strategies to Competitive Advantage
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, SCM Keywords: Competitive Advantage, Product Line, Food and Beverages Industry Purpose-This study examines the relationships between product line strategies and competitive advantage in Nigerian foods and beverages industry. Design/Methodology-Data were obtained from a sample of 278 employees choosing from 8 companies in the foods and beverages industry located in north-eastern Nigeria using a self-administered questionnaire. Pearson's correlation and Multiple regression were conducted in the data analysis. Findings-Findings of the research revealed that all four hypotheses were supported signifying that product line strategies have significant effects on the competitive advantage of foods and beverages companies in Nigeria. Practical Implications-The study combined the dimensions of product line strategies to determine optimal product line in the food and beverages industry. It provides the decision makers of food and beverages firms in Nigeria with a guide for determining the blend of product line strategies to adopt in order to gain competitive advantage. It also served as a guide to potential investors in the food and beverages industry to make an informed decision that can strategically improve the efficiency and effectiveness through its advocacy on reforming product line strategies.
Copyright (c) 2019 Ismaila Abubakar, Haruna Isa Mohammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Moderating Role of Intellectual Capital between Relationship of Bank Specific Factors and Credit Risk of Islamic Banks
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Credit Risk, Intellectual Capital, Pakistan, Islamic Banks Purpose-The Objective of this study is to investigate the moderating role of Intellectual Capital between the relationship of Bank internal factor and Credit Risk in Islamic banks of Pakistan. Design/Methodology-Panel data are obtained from annual reports of 4 Islamic banks of Pakistan from the period 2006 to 2017. These are analyzed using hierarchical regression techniques, via Eviews 9 software. Findings-The results showed that intellectual capital significantly moderates the relationship of bank internal variable and credit risk in Islamic banks in Pakistan. Practical Implications-The study found that Intellectual Capital is a very important driver for credit risk. The investment in Intellectual Capital may lower the credit risk which will further help in the growth and sustainability of the bank and hence the growth in the economy. The results of the study will be useful for bank management, policy maker, and regulator and academia for future research.
Copyright (c) 2019 Muhammad Nawaz, Dr. Alias Mat Nor, Dr. Habibah Tolos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Role of Credit Information Sharing and the Funding Cost of Banks
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Funding Cost, Information Sharing, Capital Adequacy, Bank Size, Operations Efficiency Purpose - The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between the credit information sharing and the funding cost of banks of the top ten “AA rating” commercial banks of Pakistan as the Commercial banks also play a significant role in the economy of every country. Design/Methodology - In this study, panel data were analyzed from 2011 to 2017. We selected the top ten “AA rating” banks from Pakistan credit rating agency (PACRA) website, and data related to another related variables are obtained from financial statements of the respective banks. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) statistical technique was employed to measure the relationship among related variables. Findings - The result of the study shows that there is a negative and significant relationship between credit information sharing, operation efficiency, and funding cost. On the other side, profitability has a positive and significant relationship with the funding cost of the bank. Practical Implications - To manage the funding cost policymakers must focus two key findings which are credit information sharing and operational efficiency of bank and set up a credit information sharing institutions which help to reduce information irregularity and ultimately manage the funding cost of the banks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Ramzan Ali, Sami Ullah Butt, Zahir Zahid Butt, Shahid Manzoor Shah, Fiaz Ahmad Sulehri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social Media, External Prestige and Students’ Attitude towards Postgraduate Enrollment
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Social Media, External Prestige, University Reputation, Students’ Attitude Purpose- This paper aimed to determine the conditional effect of University reputation on the indirect process of external prestige on the relationship between social media and students’ attitude towards postgraduate enrollment. Design/Methodology- The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design, multistage random sampling in collecting data using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample size was 504 students from four universities in Kenya. Findings- Outcome indicates a partial indirect effect of social media and students’ attitude via external prestige. It further reveals a conditional effect of university reputation on the link between; social media and external prestige, and, external prestige and students' attitude. Finally, a test of the conditional indirect process is also confirmed. Practical Implications- Results of the study might help university managers and policymakers in developing effective strategies, policies, and techniques to attract potential students through social media platforms and also develop and strengthen university prestige and reputation through proper management of resources, social responsibility, and employment of qualified academic staff. Originality/value- The study findings bring new understanding concerning the indirect effect, the conditional process and highlight new insights on identifying mechanisms that exert a conditional effect on the indirect paths of the study variables.
Copyright (c) 2019 Gabriel Simiyu, Dr. Joyce Komen, Dr. Ronald Bonuke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Moderating Effect of Institutional Ownership on Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Listed Conglomerates
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Institutional Ownership, Return on Assets Purpose - The study aims to examine the moderating effect of institution on the relationship between intellectual capital on the financial performance of conglomerates in Nigeria Design/Methodology - correlational research design which is based on historical data extracted from annual report and accounts of the sample firm on NSE. Firms were chosen based on censor sampling method. Eleven years of financial data were used. Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the data extracted. Findings - The results from pooled ordinary least square regression (OLS) and Fixed effect revealed that intellectual capital indexed by a value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) has a positive and significant impact on financial performance indexed by return on asset (ROA) of listed conglomerate firms in Nigeria. Furthermore, the interaction effect of institutional ownership was found to be positive and significant Practical Implications - The study recommends that institutional shareholders should invest more in shares of listed conglomerate firms in Nigeria and that management should recognize the effort and understand the importance of intellectual capital toward improving firm performance.
Copyright (c) 2019 Isah Umar Kibiya, Bilyaminu Shittu Aminu, Khadija Salihu Abubakar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Ownership Structure on Corporate Diversification of Listed Firms in Kenya
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Ownership Structure, Institutional Ownership, Foreign Ownership, Capital Structure, Corporate Diversification Purpose - This paper aimed to examine the moderating role of capital structure in the relationship between institutional and foreign ownerships on corporate diversification of listed firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. Design/Methodology - The target population comprised of all the 65 listed firms at Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. However, the inclusion criteria were based on all firms listed at the NSE from 2003 to 2017. Findings - Capital structure significantly moderated the relationship between institutional ownership and corporate diversification. However, there was a statistically insignificant moderating effect of capital structure in the relationship between foreign ownership and corporate diversification. Practical Implications - As to increase diversification, listed firms are suggested to have low levels of capital structure and institutional ownership. Furthermore, low levels of foreign ownership and high capital structure is vital in attaining high diversification levels. Originality - The study contribution is the moderating effect of capital structure in institutional ownership - corporate diversification linkage.
Copyright (c) 2019 Peninah Jepkogei Tanui, Dr. Josephat Cheboi Yegon, Dr. Ronald Bonuke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Industry-Level Disparities in Antitrust Enforcement
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Antitrust enforcement, Industry-level, Department of Justice Antitrust Division (DoJ), Antitrust law, Concentration Purpose- The purpose of this study is to analyze whether an increase in the concentration of industry causes an increase in the level of the Department of Justice Antitrust Division (DoJ)’s antitrust enforcement within that industry. Design/Methodology- The study employed secondary data and quantitative research method was also utilized to achieve the objectives of the study. Multiple regression analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. Findings- The results support the hypothesis that an increase in the concentration of industry causes an increase in the level of Department of Justice Antitrust Division (DoJ)’s antitrust enforcement within that industry. It appears that industry-level revenue from exports is highly correlated with the size of that industry and its lobbying activity. Practical Implications- These results have practical relevance which helps to predict the intensity of antitrust activity in future years. Its practical implication is that there are disparities in antitrust enforcement that are influenced by factors other than concentration. By creating a benchmark that takes into account components such as this, the Department of Justice Antitrust Division (DoJ) can identify those companies who are likely to be engaging in anticompetitive behavior.
Department of Justice Antitrust Division (DoJ)
Copyright (c) 2019 Md. Mominul Islam, Imrul Hossain Chowdhury, Sabrina Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Board Leadership, Chief Executive Officer Optimism and Firm Innovation
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, Leadership Keywords: Board Leadership, Board member openness, Board Member Independence, CEO Optimism, Firm Innovation Purpose - Following the resource dependence and optimism theory, the study explored whether Chief Executive Officer (CEO) optimism moderates the link between board leadership and firm innovation in the financial sector. Design/Methodology - 130 financial institutions in Kenya were surveyed using cross-sectional and explanatory designs. Hypothesis testing utilized both moderated hierarchical regression models and mod-graphs. Findings - The results revealed that the board member’s openness and independence positively influence firm innovation. The moderated hierarchical regression results and figures in the mod-graphs reveal that CEO optimism enhances the association between the board member’s openness, independence, and firm innovation. Practical Implications - The results suggested that for financial institutions to be innovative, board members should be open to each other in terms of the private ideas as well as being independent about decisions made to spur the growth of the firms. Additionally, such boards should appoint CEOs who are optimistic about being innovative.
Copyright (c) 2019 Joel Tuwey, Dr. Vincent Ngeno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Does Board Education Diversity Affect Environmental Accounting Disclosure?
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Board Education Diversity, Environmental Accounting Disclousre, Human Capital Purpose- The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of board education diversity on environmental accounting disclosure among firms listed in the Nairobi Security Exchange. Design/Methodology- The study adopted both explanatory and longitudinal research design. The target population comprised 65 listed firms at Nairobi Securities Exchange from 2008 to 2017. However, inclusion criteria were the 27 listed firms from 2008 to 2017, giving a total of 270 observations. A documentary analysis guide was used to collect secondary data. Findings- The findings showed that board education had a significant and positive impact on environmental accounting disclosure. The findings validate the human capital theory's proposition. Practical Implications- Firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange ought to diffuse the education level of the board of directors to increase the level of environmental accounting disclosure. Besides, their boards should be well educated and experienced to enhance disclosure of environmental accounting.
Copyright (c) 2019 Tarus John Kipngetich, Dr. Ronald Bonuke, Dr. Joel Tenai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Does Entrepreneur Innovativeness Moderate The Relationship Between Strategic Orientation And Financial Inclusion?
Section: Research Articles Categories: Entrepreneurship Keywords: Enterpreneur Innovativeness, Strategic orientation, Financial inclusion Purpose- Although previous papers have attempted to explore the determinants of financial inclusion, few studies have interrogated the role of innovativeness in financial addition. This study examines the moderating role of entrepreneur innovativeness on the relationship between strategic orientation and financial inclusion Design/Methodology - We used two indicators to measure financial inclusion; digital financial inclusion scale and traditional financial inclusion scale. Three proxies were used to measure strategic orientation; learning orientation, market orientation, and technology orientation. Survey data obtained from 634 women entrepreneurs was used, and the hypothesis was tested using moderated regression analysis. Findings - The empirical results supported the hypothesis that innovative entrepreneur moderates the relationship between strategic orientation and financial inclusion. In particular, the results indicated that at higher levels of entrepreneur innovativeness, learning orientation has a stronger effect on financial inclusion. Similarly, the results also indicated that at high levels of entrepreneur innovativeness, technology orientation affects financial inclusion. In contrast with the other findings showing a positive moderating effect, at higher levels of entrepreneur innovativeness, the impact of market orientation on financial inclusion is low. Practical Implications - The findings are useful to the government and practitioners for designing policies and training programs geared to increasing the level of financial inclusion among women Small and Medium Enterprises.
Copyright (c) 2019 Judith Ndinda Nguli, Robert Mukoswa Odunga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mediating Effects of Financial Innovations between Behavioral Factors and Financial Inclusion of Micro Enterprises in Kenya
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Self-control, Confidence, Behavioral factors, Social proof, Financial Innovations Purpose: Understanding the mediating role of the adoption of financial innovations on the relationship behavioral factors and utilization of formal financial services was the main aim of this research. The behavioral factors examined were self-control, confidence and social proof. The study is premised on behavioral finance theories. Design/Methodology: The positivist approach and explanatory research designs were adopted to understand the relationships between the variables under investigation. A sample of 486 owners/managers of licensed micro-enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire. Hypotheses were tested using Hayes and Zhao approach for mediation analysis. Findings: The results showed that financial innovations mediated the relationship between each of the behavioral factors and financial inclusion, that is; self- control (β =.0941, ρ= .00), confidence; (β = .1019, ρ = .00) and social proof (β = .1036, ρ = .00). Practical implications: The study has brought into fore the mediating role of financial innovations on the relationship between the three behavioral factors and financial inclusion. Thus, practitioners are encouraged give due attention to behavioral factors and financial innovations in policy formulation and programs geared towards optimal utilization of financial services.
Copyright (c) 2019 Gladys Byegon, Dr. Josephat Cheboi, Dr. Ronald Bonuke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship between Real Earnings Management and Cost Behavior
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Sticky cost, Real earnings management, opportunistic behavior, Discretionary expenses, Ghana Purpose- This research aims to examine the relationship between real earnings management (REM) and sticky Selling General and Administrative (SG&A) costs in the case of a developing economy. Design/Methodology- The study employed a purposive sampling method. Fifteen firms listed on Ghana stock exchange were selected for the study. Data from the period of 2005 to 20014 were collected. Findings- The study finds Ghanaian listed firm's SG&A cost to be sticky and also see these firms to manipulate earnings through REM. This study finds that REM through discretionary expenses and production cost increases sticky SG&A cost, whereas REM through cash flow reduces sticky SG&A cost. Overall, the results imply that REM exhibit sticky cost. Practical Implications- The study informs managers that cost is not only fixed or variable but also behaves asymmetrically. The understanding of this concept could help managers to implement strategies that will lower the cost of doing business. Also, since some managers deliberately make decisions that lead to real earnings management and sticky cost, we, therefore, believe that this research will be of importance to regulatory bodies, policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2019 Bismark Yiadom Boakye, Francis Atiso, Elvis Koranteng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A New Dimension of Entrepreneurial Marketing and Key Challenges: A Case Study from Pakistan
Section: Research Articles Categories: Entrepreneurship Keywords: Entrepreneurial marketing, Graduate Entrepreneur, Start-up challenges, Case study, Legitimation, Enterepreneurial education Purpose- Numerous studies have explored entrepreneurial marketing (EM) activities in the firms that are established for a few years, but the research exploring the EM activities and challenges, particularly during the start-up phase, is scant. To cover this wide gap, the current study explores in-depth the EM activities and EM challenges faced during the start-up phase by a graduate entrepreneur who has exposure to both marketing and entrepreneurship education and practical EM experiences. Design/Methodology- In-depth case study approach has been adopted to study an SME owned and managed successfully by a graduate entrepreneur. Findings- After rigorous data analysis, in addition to the currently known seven EM dimensions, this study has discovered a new EM dimension, i.e., ‘legitimation’. Moreover, the key EM challenges in emerging economies are also identified. Practical Implications- The results have guided future entrepreneurs regarding their investment decisions, and to the entrepreneurship education policymakers regarding pedagogical up-gradation.
Copyright (c) 2020 Tayyab Amjad, Shamsul Huda Abdul Rani, Shiza Sa'atar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Demutualization, Liquidity, Turnover, Amivest ratio, Bid-ask spread Purpose: The literature on demutualization is confined to efficiency and social welfare issues. Little empirical literature exists on the effect of demutualization on listed firms. This study examines the impact of demutualization on the liquidity of listed firms’ stocks. Methodology: It empirically investigates how the liquidity of listed firms’ stocks is affected by demutualization. Analyzing data of 137 non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange for 2005 to 2017, we employ fixed effect regression to test the hypotheses. Findings: We find that demutualization has significantly improved liquidity. We analyze all three dimensions of liquidity that are the trading activity, market impact, and transaction cost. We find that demutualization increases trading activity, improve market depth, and has reduced the transaction cost. Implications: Our findings suggest that demutualization is beneficial not only for listed firms but also for its shareholders as all three dimensions of liquidity are improved by demutualization. Stock exchanges that are not demutualized and are facing liquidity problem, can be improved by changing its structure from mutual to demutualized. Originality: Prior literature focuses on the impact of demutualization on the stock market or social welfare. There is scares research on the effect of demutualization of the listed firm. This study fills this gap by analyzing the impact of demutualization on listed firms' liquidity in a developing economy, such as Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2020 Farman Ali, Man Wang, Imran Ali, Syed Tauseef ALi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Entrepreneurial Marketing Theory: Current Developments and Future Research Agenda
Section: Research Articles Categories: Entrepreneurship Keywords: Entrepreneurial marketing, Systematic literature review, Future research, Qualitative Purpose- Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM) research has progressed rapidly over the last decade due to its effectiveness in highly competitive markets and uncertain conditions. However, the theory development in the EM domain is inadequate as yet. Due to this, the higher education institutions are also using outdated curricula to teach EM, as the new theories contribute towards the development of curricula. Thus, to assist in upgrading the EM curricula, we have examined the theory development over the last decade in the domain of EM. Design/Methodology- A systematic and in-depth review and analysis of over a decade’s EM literature has been done. Findings- Five major yet specific gaps are identified, and accordingly, we have proposed future research directions.
Structural Breaks and Volatility Spillover in South Asian Economies
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Financial Crisis, Volatility Spillover, Structural Breaks, Exponential Generalized Auto Regressive Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) Purpose - This study examines the volatility spillovers in the presence of structural breaks with specific reference to South Asian Capital markets. The global financial crisis of 2007-2009 has compelled policymakers to realize that financial instability has the potential to threaten economic stability and growth; therefore, managing the financial crisis is inevitable. To manage the impact of financial crises, understanding the dynamics of volatility spillover across various markets is imperative. This study has investigated the possible emergence of structural breaks in risk patterns after global financial crises in south Asian markets. Methodology - Using the data from July 2002 to June 2016, employing the Exponential GARCH methodology. Findings - This study finds a significant volatility spillover after the financial crisis of 2007-09. Therefore, the existence of a structural break in the risk pattern of south Asian capital markets cannot be fully rejected. Policy Implications - This conclusion is of prime importance to policymakers in devising policy guidelines concerning financial crises.
Exponential Generalized Auto Regressive Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH)
Copyright (c) 2020 Hafiz Rauf Iqbal, Syed Kashif Saeed, Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Ownership Concentration and Dividend Policy on Firm Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Firm's performance, Owenership concentration, Dividend policy, Chemial sector, Pakistan Purpose- The main aim of this study is to determine the role of ownership concentration and dividend policy on the firm performance of chemical sector firms of Pakistan. Design/Methodology- This research used the secondary data collected from the annual reports of the companies listed at the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). However, inclusion criteria are the 26 listed firms from 2012 to 2017, giving a total of 156 observations. This study used the Generalized Least Squares Model. Findings- The findings reveal that ownership concentration has a significant positive association with firm financial performance. This stated that larger shareholders could attribute to the alignment of managerial incentives with shareholder interests. They also monitor the team very effectively and efficiently. The dividend policy has a significant positive relationship with ROA. Leverage and tangibility have a significant negative relationship with firm performance. Practical Implications- These results potentially can be relevant for policymakers and academic research as well as also helpful for managers and policymakers.
Copyright (c) 2020 Sadia Murtaza, Ahmad Noor-Ud-Din, Amel Aguir, Saadia Batool https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Do Bank Size Moderate Relationship between Banks’ Portfolio Diversification and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya?
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Portfolio diversification, Dynamic panel model, Fixed effects, Sectoral credit, Income streams Purpose- It is complicated to efficiently manage the bank’s portfolio, simultaneously maximize returns and minimize risks while being subject to managerial and regulatory constraints. In the financial industry, the size of a bank is used to assist in capturing economies as well as diseconomies of scale. Design/Methodology- As in cases of most literature from finance, natural logarithms of banks' total assets were made use of to measure commercial banks’ size. The 43 commercial banking institutions having an official license from CBK by December 2017 were the target population of this study. The study analyzed Time-Series Cross-Sectional unbalanced secondary panel data obtained from all the 43 commercial banking institutions in Kenya for fifteen years ranging from 2003 to 2017. Findings- Study findings revealed a positive effect of bank size on ROE and ROA that was significant. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association of bank size on the financial performance of banks in Kenya, which was significant. Bank size had a significant moderating effect on the relationship of banks portfolio diversification and financial performance of banks in Kenya. Practical Implications- The findings on bank size insinuated that a higher size of entire asset of banks is most probable to accelerate the bank to diversify into feasible opportunities on investment, traverse more enhanced lines of business, increase capacity in market power and, produce increased value that boosts the firm to profit from economies of scale and wider scope and henceforth superior and increased financial performance.
Copyright (c) 2020 Stephen Githaiga Ngware, Tobias Olweny, Willy Muturi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Audit Committee Effectiveness and Earnings Management Among Publicly Listed Firms in Kenya
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Earnings Management, Audit Committee Effectiveness, Audit Committee Independence, Audit Committee Meeting frequency, Audit Committee Financial Expertise Objective: The paper sought to investigate the role of an effective audit committee in controlling earnings management practices. Design / Methodology: A panel data sourced from the audited financial reports of firms listed at the Kenyan Nairobi Securities Exchange for the periods between 2004 and 2017 were analyzed using a panel regression model. Findings: Audit committee effectiveness proved an important monitoring mechanism for earnings management. The independence, Meeting frequency, and financial expertise of the audit committee evidenced a negative and significant effect on earnings management. Practical Implications: Firms need to ensure that their audit committees operate effectively. This is achieved through enhancing their independence, ensuring optimal meeting frequency, and a higher number of members with financial expertise for fewer earnings management. Originality: The paper suggests the ways through which audit committee effectiveness can be enhanced to reduce earnings management amid rampant global financial scandals.
Copyright (c) 2020 Collins Kapkiyai, Josephat Cheboi, Joyce Komen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Leadership Practice for Building Trust of Followers: Decisive Factors of Organizational Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, Leadership Keywords: Transformational leadership, Organizational performance, Trust in leadership, Operational performance, Financial performance Purpose - Leadership plays a decisive role in key organizational outcomes. To investigate the effects of leadership and its mechanism on organizational performance, this paper examined how transformational leadership impacts followers’ trust for improving operational and financial performance in the case of Vietnamese firms. Design/Methodology - This study used the Structural Equation Modeling to assess the correlation among the constructs based on using survey data of 285 employees at 60 manufacturing and service companies. Findings - The findings revealed that employees' trust in leadership acts as a mediating mechanism in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational performance. The transformational leadership style of leaders has greater effects on financial performance, while employee’s trust has larger effects on operational performance. This study calls attention to the importance of raising employee trust to link transformational leadership and organizational performance. Practical and theoretical implications - From a practical point of view, the paper brings more knowledge and insights for CEO/managers on the right pathway to enhance organizational performance. The paper also provides theoretical initiatives on the leadership theory and the new pathway to promote operational and financial performance.
Copyright (c) 2020 Ba Phong Le, Quang Thang Tran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Entrepreneurship, Professionalism and Leadership Intention of Generation Z
Section: Research Articles Categories: Entrepreneurship Keywords: Generation Z, Entrepreneurship, Professionalism and leadership intention Aim - This study aims to measure the level of entrepreneurship, professionalism, and leadership intention of the Z generation. This effort is to investigate whether the socio-demographic characteristics of the Z generation, such as gender, education level, work experience, family income level, the presence of entrepreneurs in the family, or the immediate vicinity, leading to significant differences on the levels of entrepreneurship, professionalism and leadership intention. Methodology – The simple random sampling method was used to collect data. A total of 563 questionnaires was collected for the study. The participants were mainly the students in high schools and vocational schools of higher education in the Adiyaman-Kahta district. SPSS 22.0 program was used to analyze the data set. Findings - Cronbach's alpha value of the scale of entrepreneurship, professionalism, and leadership intention was measured as 0.89. Moreover, non-parametric analysis methods were used to test the hypotheses of the study because the data did not show normal distribution (p <0.01). The hypotheses were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests. Originality – The study will help the policymakers to develop projects and training programs to promote entrepreneurship in the generation Z and following generations.
Professionalism and leadership intention
Copyright (c) 2020 Gulsen Kirpik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ethical Leadership and Whistleblowing: Mediating Role of Stress and Moderating Effect of Interactional Justice
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, Leadership Keywords: Whistleblowing, ethical leadership, stress, ethics Purpose- Prevalence of corporate frauds is critical, therefore, identifying and institutionalizing the bad apples in the barrel which are engaged in wrongdoings is much needed and must be brought to the lights through whistleblowing. Design/Methodology- Data were collected from the South Asian countries through a structured questionnaire from the employees of the telecom sector. Three hundred twenty-nine samples were gathered to test hypothesized relationships. Findings- Results showed that whistleblowing intentions of employees through psychological stress mediates the behaviors of their leaders, which turns ethical leadership at the workplace. Further, ethical leadership positively impacts employees’ intention to blow the whistle at the workplace. Furthermore, the analysis showed that interactional justice moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and intention to blow the whistle of employees Practical Implications- This research gives a different perspective to the managers to develop such a culture that enables an honest and trustworthy environment, which may enable the employees to point out the wrongdoings they witness while working at the workplace.
Organizational Justice and Employee Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Organizational Justice, employee sustainability, Organizational Commitment Purpose- The primary purpose of the study is to determine the impact of organizational justice (OJ) on employee sustainability. Along with that, it also describes how organizational commitment mediates this direct relationship. This study includes all dimensions of OJ which are distributive, procedural and interactional (interpersonal & informational) within the context of a developing country (Pakistan). Design/Methodology- This study has considered employees working in the banking sector of Pakistan. Two hundred ten questionnaires were received back from employees. Regression analysis was used to analyze direct relationships between variables, while smart partial least squares (PLS) were used for mediation analysis. Findings- Results demonstrated that all hypothesis were accepted and it was also confirmed that organizational commitment (OC) mediates the direct relationship between OJ and employee sustainability (ES). Originality/value- Multidimensional construct of organizational justice was tested in this study, in the context of a developing country (Pakistan), to address the research gap.
Copyright (c) 2020 Mehreen Fatima Qaisrani, Zeeshan Izhar, Dr. Zaheer Abbas Kazmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Contributions of Working Conditions on Teachers’ Attitude in School Settings of Nepal
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Working conditions, Teacher’s attitude, Classroom assessment, Attitudinal assessment, Community school Purpose- Working conditions play an important role in shaping the teachers’ attitude. In this context, this study intends to examine the effect of the working conditions on the teachers’ attitude. Design/Methodology- Philosophically, this study is guided by post-positivist paradigm utilizing the survey design. The data in this study were collected from the teachers of community schools of the Kathmandu district using the questionnaire My Classroom Appraisal Protocol (MCAP). The collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics like mean, standard deviation, independent sample t-test and simple linear regression. Then, the derived findings were then interpreted and measured against the past studies and theories. Findings- This study found significant difference in the attitude of the teachers who had satisfactory and unsatisfactory building conditions. Additionally, the study showed a moderate association between working condition and teachers’ attitude. Furthermore, this study concludes that the building condition of school plays a crucial role in shaping the teachers’ attitude. Finally, this study shows that there is a positive relationship between the working conditions and teachers’ attitude. Practical Implications- This study is expected to be beneficial to school leaders and forthcoming researchers for making positive changes in the education system of Nepal.
Copyright (c) 2020 Anan Lama, Milan Shrestha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technology Acceptance of E-Banking Services in an Unnatural Environment
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Technology Acceptance Model, E-banking, Unnatural Environment, Nigeria Purpose- The effect of technology acceptance of e-banking services on satisfaction has been well studied in a system. It is characterized as being in a state of orderliness; however, there is the dearth of study in an unnatural environment, among others. Design/Methodology- Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 304 staff of Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria, that were selected using a random sampling technique. The study hypotheses were assessed with PLS-SEM methodology. Findings- Findings from the study suggest that the customers’ level of perceived usefulness of e-banking pays more considerable attention to the e-banking channels, implying that the usefulness of the technology is considered crucial among the respondents. The SEM results showed that the relationship was positive and significant with small effects. Practical Implications- Customers of e-banking placed emphasis on perceived usefulness in an environment characterized as unnatural.
Copyright (c) 2020 Adeyemi Adepoju, Adebola Adeniji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Empirical Evidence of Co-Movement between the Canadian CDS, Stock Market And TSX 60 Volatility Index
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: covariance, wavelet analysis, time-series, co-movement, canada, stock market Purpose- The prime objective of this study was to find the co-movement between the Canadian credit default swaps market, the Stock market and volatility index (TSX 60 Index) Design/ Methodology- To achieve this purpose, daily data containing 2870 observations starting from the 1st of January 2009 to the 30th of December 2019 were analyzed. This study employed the wavelet approach to present results in short-term, medium-term, long-term, and very long time. Findings- The findings of this study showed a negative correlation between the CDS market, stock market, and the TSX 60 index in the short-term as well as in the long-term term, while in medium-term and very long-term period correlation is strongly positive. The wavelet co-movement results in the short-term and long-term were negative, while this relationship in the medium-term and very long-term period was strongly positive. Practical Implications- This research provides simultaneous valuable information for investment decisions in the short, medium, and long term time horizons, as well as for the policymakers in the Canadian credit default swaps market, stock market, and the volatility index (TSX 60 Index).
Copyright (c) 2020 Ramzan Ali, Usman Ullah Butt, Muhammad Musa Khan, Muhammad Shaheer, Farhan Abbas Zaidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Scale and Skill in Mutual Fund Management: Evidence from Norway
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Mutual fund performance, mutual fund scale, managerial skill, economies of scale Using a sample free of survivorship bias and several risk-adjusted performance benchmarks to identify effects of scale on mutual fund performance in the Norwegian market, I find mixed evidence that both large and small funds underperform as against the middle-sized funds in the period 2005-2018. Controlling for relevant factors in panel data regressions, I find that, on average, performance worsens with an increase in size while giving support to initial findings of nonlinearity. The relationship is most robust after 2013 and seems to be affected by competition in the market as well as fund inflows. I do not find any empirical evidence to support the liquidity hypothesis.
Copyright (c) 2020 Markus Snøve Høiberg https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Store Atmosphere, SERVQUAL and Consumer Loyalty
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, Marketing Keywords: Store amosphere, service quality, loyalty, customer loyalty Purpose- With competitors, making business people must continue to evaluate the marketing strategy carried out and understand consumer behavior, especially from the coffee shop. The study aims to present the relationship between Store Atmosphere, SERVQUAL, and Consumer Loyalty in Excelso (Big Mall, Samarinda City). Design/Methodology- We conduct online surveys (instrumental social networking sites). The sample of this study was based on purposive sampling. There were total 98 participants. The study hypotheses were assessed with the OLS model. Findings- We find that there is a significant positive effect of the Store Atmosphere variable on SERVQUAL and SERVQUAL on Consumer Loyalty. Meanwhile, the relationship between Store Atmosphere and SERVQUAL variables is positive-insignificant. Practical Implications- With this study, it can create a sense of curiosity to conduct further research, namely by holding interviews or distributing a broader questionnaire to obtain maximum results.
Copyright (c) 2020 Purwadi Purwadi, Bella Devitasari , Dio Caisar Darma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Conflicts between Students Living on-Campus Dormitories
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Dormitories, Student conflicts, lifestyle, academic success Purpose- In the current century, the number of students who travel abroad to study at international higher education institutions universally has increased. Accordingly, a considerable number of young generations from different countries are coming together, and most of them prefer to live at the university’s dormitories. The main aim of this research has identified and examined the impacts of roommate conflicts, on the lifestyle and academic success of students living in dormitories. Design/Methodology- The study area of this research is the dormitories located inside the Campus of Eastern Mediterranean University in Famagusta, Northern Cyprus. Data was collected by utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Findings- The results showed that conflicts amidst roommates negatively influenced their lifestyle and academic success. Although it is impossible to solve problems and conflicts at all, however, it is possible to minimize and control them. Moreover, management styles and approaches play a fundamental role in reducing or increasing negative impacts. Practical Implications- Several suggestions mentioned for managers to minimize problems, like price reduction, qualified staff employment, evaluation of dormitories, rewriting the rules against alcohol consumption and making noise, and etc.
Copyright (c) 2020 Nadia Jobbehdar Nourafkan, Balsam Jumah , Rabia Asif, Abolfazl DEHGHANMONGABADI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A System Dynamics Model Of Exchange Rate Determination And Forecasting
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Exchange Rates, system dynamics, fundamental factors, feedback relationships Objective: The objective of this paper is to develop a model of exchange rate determination and forecasting to provide reasonable forecasts for the exchange rate to facilitate long-term investments. Design: The study develops the model using the system dynamics method. Grounded on the fundamental theories, the model incorporates nonlinear feedback relationships of interest rate, inflation, per capita income, terms of trade, and oil prices with the exchange rate. Findings: The simulation results indicate the robustness of the model to mimic not only the long term past behavior of the exchange rate but also its ability to provide a reliable long-term forecast for the exchange rate. The model is portable and applies to any oil-exporting country after calibration. Policy Implications: The study has practical implications for individuals, businesses, and the Government because they are all influenced by the exchange rate movements. Specifically, this model provides a useful tool for long term strategic financial planning of oil firms. Originality: The study develops a model for exchange rate accounting for nonlinear feedback relationships among the variables.
Copyright (c) 2020 Aima Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social Influence And Savings Behavior: Evidence From A Developing Country Context
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: saving behavior, social influence, financial literacy, self control, developing country Purpose: This paper highlights the relevance of Savings Behavior and the impact of Social Influence on Savings Behavior in a developing country utilizing both life cycle and economic theories Methodology: This paper presents findings from a thorough review of the literature. Relevant articles were reviewed on both savings behavior and social influence. The articles consisted of both contexts developed versus developing. Findings: The findings suggest that from the developed country context, Social Influence positively affects Savings Behavior, which is not the case for the developing economies that show the negative impact of social influence on savings behavior. Therefore, financial education and literacy training are two of the means of encouraging individual self-control in these developing economies despite their vulnerability to social influence to encourage positive savings behavior. Implications: Individuals are encouraged to save, especially during their productive ages, along with their lifespan. This can be done by obligatory deductions for those that are officially employed. Originality/Value: This paper reveals a bibliography theoretical review on Social Influence and Savings Behavior within the developing country context. The paper presents the puzzle about the effect of Social Influence and Savings Behavior in the emerging economy. The majority of savings behavior research undertaken in the developed economies shows the positive effect of social influence on savings behavior, which is not the case in the developing economies.
Copyright (c) 2020 Eva Mpaata, Naomy Koskei, Ernest Saina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Market Learning on Management Innovation: Mediating role of Knowledge Integration
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Management Innovation, Market Learning, Knowledge Integration Purpose- The article aims to study and explore the effect of market learning on management innovation along with exploring the role of knowledge integration as a mediator in the hospitality industry of Pakistan. Design/Methodology- The data comprised 215 respondents from the hospitality industry, and it was gathered through a questionnaire containing 22 items, including four demographical items. The gathered data was utilized to validate our model empirically through statistical tests. Findings- Research findings reveal that management innovation is driven by market learning, and significant relationships exist between market learning, knowledge integration, and management innovation. The mediating role of knowledge integration also exists significantly between management innovation and market learning. Novelty – Knowledge integration about management innovation and market learning is a novel contribution, and findings suggest that its effect on this model is significant. Practical Implications- Successful organizations include knowledge integration and management innovation as a critical part of their culture as these variables boost the firm’s productivity and employee participation, and both are found to be driven by market learning. The managers can make an effort to enhance market learning and improve the firm’s overall performance.
Copyright (c) 2020 Saman Fatima, Roshan Luqman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Employee Empowerment and Innovative Work Behavior
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, Leadership Keywords: Employee Empowerment, Leader-Member Exchange, Innovative Work Behaviour Purpose: This paper seeks to address the moderating effect of leader-member exchange on the link between employee empowerment and innovative work behavior. Design/Methodology: The study draws on the causal-comparative research design, and employs paper-based self-administered questionnaires to gather data from a sample of 470 employees drawn from manufacturing firms in Kenya. This sample is part of a population of 9915 employees and has been narrowed down using Yamane’s formula. The study employs stratified and simple random sampling techniques to constitute the required sample of employees. Findings: The results indicate that employee empowerment and Leader-Member Exchange positively and significantly affect innovative work behavior. The results further reveal that Leader-member exchange significantly moderates the link between employee empowerment and innovative work behavior. Practical Implication: The findings of this study provide an avenue through which managers of manufacturing firms can identify constructs that best explain innovative work behavior, especially during challenging times such as this time of Covid 19 pandemic. The results of this study provides managers with opportunities to come up with techniques, policies and strategies to improve relationship between employees and their supervisors for purposes of improved productivity, employee loyalty and reduced conflicts. Originality/Value: The study makes a novel attempt to show the moderating influence of leader–member exchange in the context of employee empowerment and innovative work behavior in manufacturing firms in Kenya. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of leader-member exchange in employees’ innovative behavior, which is vital knowledge in tough times like the current uncertainty caused by the covid-19 pandemic.
Copyright (c) 2020 Mercy Kananu Kanake, Dr. Ambrose Kemboi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluating the Heterogeneous Effect of Firm Risk on Firm Value
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: causal inference, firm risk, firm value, heterogeneous effect Purpose- This paper aims to investigate the effect of firm risk on the firm value to see how the firm value is changing when the risk level is changed. Our result indicates that a higher level of risk can reduce firm value. Design/Methodology- We apply a Bayesian causal technique for a sample data set of US public firms. The causal approach helps us to focus on the reliable and unbiased results instead of the association-based findings. Findings- The results show a negative effect of risk on the firms’ value for the sample data. However, we investigate the potential effect of the risk across the distribution of the firm value. We witness the more substantial effect of risk on firms with a higher value. Practical Implications- Helps firms to evaluate their risk and its effect, so they can adjust their decisions and take actions to reduce the undesired effects of firm risk.
Copyright (c) 2020 Thi Hong Nhung Nguyen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technology Management for Accelerated Recovery during COVID-19
Section: Research Articles Categories: COVID-19 Keywords: Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Healthcare, Predictive Analytics, COVID-19 Objective- The research looks forward to extracting strategies for accelerated recovery during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Design - Research design considers quantitative methodology and evaluates significant factors from 170 countries to deploy supervised and unsupervised Machine Learning techniques to generate non-trivial predictions. Findings - Findings presented by the research reflect on data-driven observation applicable at the macro level and provide healthcare-oriented insights for governing authorities. Policy Implications - Research provides interpretability of Machine Learning models regarding several aspects of the pandemic that can be leveraged for optimizing treatment protocols. Originality - Research makes use of curated near-time data to identify significant correlations keeping emerging economies at the center stage. Considering the current state of clinical trial research reflects on parallel non-clinical strategies to co-exist with the Coronavirus.
Copyright (c) 2020 Swapnil Morande, Dr. Veena Tewari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Does Structural Power Matter? Board Attributes and Firm Performance
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Board tenure, firm performance, CEO duality, Corporate Governance Purpose- The study investigates the moderating role of Chief Executive Officer Duality onboard attributes and firm performance of companies listed in Kenya. Design/Methodology- The research used a longitudinal research design. Panel data were derived from published accounts for sixteen years that is from 2002-2017. IGLS regression models were used to test the hypothesis. Findings- The empirical results indicated that the independence of the board, the size of the board, and the duration in which the board member served the organization positively influence the firm performance. However, CEO duality does not moderate the relationship. Practical Implications- Regulatory bodies such as NSE and CMA in Kenya should ensure that listed firms have more independent directors serving a board, ensure a reasonable size of the board and increase the board tenure to enhance firm performance. Further, the combined roles of the CEO and chairman may not influence the efficiency of the board in the Kenyan context.
Copyright (c) 2020 Fiona Jepkosgei Korir, Joel K. Tenai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Promoting Behavioral Support for Change: A Conservation of Resources Theory Perspective
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Organizational Change, Perceived Management Support, Change-efficacy, Behavioral Support for Change Purpose- Individuals' support for change is a critical success factor to implement change effectively. Therefore, identifying the possible antecedent and mechanism, leading to behavioral support towards change, is necessary. The study aims to unfold this avenue of research empirically by examining the role of both person and context factors in promoting behavioral support for change. Design/Methodology- Data was collected from 292 academic staff of six public sector universities located in Pakistan via cross-sectional mean. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect responses from the desired population. Findings- Results revealed a positive impact of perceived management support on academic staff’s behavioral support for change. Moreover, change-efficacy also provides a statistically significant intervening mechanism to translate the effect of perceived management support on both dimensions of behavioral support to change such as compliance and championing behavior Practical Implications- The research offers useful insights for top university officials to build support for change by providing needed support and resources; make academic staff capable of executing the change-related tasks into viable actions meritoriously.
Copyright (c) 2020 Farhan Mehboob, Noraini Othman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM, Leadership Keywords: Empowering Leadership, Psycological Empowerment, Employee Creativity Purpose: This paper tried to examine the mediation effect of psychological empowerment between empowering leadership and employee creativity Design/Methodology: This study referred to quantitative research design and used a paper-based online questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 65 employees drawn from an Information Technology company in Surabaya, Indonesia. This study used the SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) Partial Least Square analysis with saturated samples. Findings: The results indicate that empowering leadership and psychological empowerment positively and significantly affect employee creativity. The results further reveal that psychological empowerment significantly mediating the relationship between empowering leadership and employee creativity. Practical Implications: The findings of this study provide benefits for company leaders to identify learning solutions to practical solutions, motivate employees to come up with creative ideas, and empower employees. Mostly during challenging times such as during the COVID 19 pandemic, work must be done from home. The results of this study provide opportunities for leaders to produce techniques, policies, and strategies to increase employee creativity through motivation, direction, and empowerment Originality/Value: This study makes a new attempt to demonstrate the mediating effect of empowering leadership and employee creativity in Information Technology companies at Vascomm Surabaya Indonesia. In addition, the research underlines the importance of motivating and always giving employees freedom for creative behavior which is important knowledge in difficult times like today caused by the covid-19 pandemic.
Copyright (c) 2020 A Nuzul, Andree Dwijanto Witjaksono, Anang Kistyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antecedents of Overall E-service Quality and Brand Attachment in the Banking Industry
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, Marketing Keywords: Brand Attachment, Website Design, E-fulfillment, Overall e-service quality Purpose – The study aims to examine the impact of website design, e-fulfillment, e-service and e-security on overall e-service quality and its impact on brand attachment. Design/methodology/approach – Data of 425 respondents was collected from the internet banking industry users through an online survey. Further, PLS-SEM was employed to analyze the data. Findings – Results indicate that the impact of e-security, e- customer service, and e-fulfillment on overall e-customer service quality was supported. In contrast, the impact of website design was not supported. Further, overall, e-service quality also has a significant impact on brand attachment. Originality/value – This study suggested and tested a brand attachment framework for the banking industry to support strategy formulation for managers.
Copyright (c) 2020 Gul e Rana, Dr. Noor Azizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Management of Exchange Rate Risk in SMEs
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: SME exports, Exchange Rates, FX-hedging Exchange rate fluctuations represent a challenge for the internationalization of all firms, both big and small. This paper reflects on two aspects of the exchange rate challenge - (i) the exchange rate pass-through and (ii) hedging of exchange rate risk and how SMEs manage these two aspects of exchange rate risk. The exchange rate challenges that SMEs face might differ from the risks larger firms are exposed to, and their management of the risks might vary. In family-owned SMEs, longer planning horizons than listed firms might imply a weaker exchange rate pass-through, while smaller financial buffers might pull pass-through rules in the opposite direction for the same SMEs. When considering hedging, the paper argues for both operational hedging and external hedging to represent a management challenge for SMEs, pushing the exchange rate risk towards the forefront of the factors hampering internationalization among SMEs.
Copyright (c) 2020 Imtiaz Badshah, Trond-Arne Borgersen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Web-based Seminar - New Source of Qualitative Study: Data Collection during the Pandemic of COVID-19
Section: Research Articles Categories: COVID-19 Keywords: Data collection, Technology used in research, Qualitative, Malaysia, Research methodology Objective- This article aims to discuss the authors’ own experience using a web-based seminar (webinar) as a new data collection method for a qualitative descriptive study on factors influencing digital banking adoption among potential users in Malaysia (Digital Banking Study). Design - This will be the first study to gather information from industry players and public perception towards digital banking service using webinars, with evidence compared to the study’s quantitative results. Findings – Data derived from webinar sessions are consistent with the quantitative results, and the potential of its uses as a new research tool was discussed in detail. Policy Implications- The findings showed several practical implications that are potentially useful for researchers, academics, and business analysts to consider adopting webinar data as a new qualitative data collection method. Originality - This study documents the supporting evidence of the potential use of webinars as a useful tool to collect quality observation data.
Copyright (c) 2020 Wen Ni Tiong, Anne Freda Siaw Fen Sim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
E-Banking Technology Characteristics and Performance of Micro and Small Enterprise in Kenya
Section: Research Articles Categories: Entrepreneurship Keywords: E-banking, Adoption, Innovative behavior, Kenya, Small to medium enterprises Purpose- The study investigated the indirect effect of innovative behavior on the relationship between e-banking technology characteristics and micro and small enterprises (MSE) performance through e-banking technology adoption in Kenya. Design/methodology: The study employed an explanatory research design and a multistage sampling technique to collect cross-sectional data using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample size of 455 MSEs was drawn from a target population of 5915 in Vihiga County, Kenya. Findings-The study findings showed a complementary mediation of e-banking technology adoption on the relationship between e-banking technology characteristics and MSE performance. Additionally, innovative behavior moderated the association between e-banking technology adoption and MSE performance but did not moderate the relationship between e-banking technology characteristics and e-banking technology adoption. Further, innovative behavior moderates the indirect relationship between e-banking technology characteristics and MSE performance via e-banking technology adoption. This effect was much more substantial, with a higher level of innovative behavior. Practical Implications- These findings underscored the need for policy reviews for government, county, and private sector on e-banking technology adoption and MSE performance in Kenya. Originality/value- The study's findings bring vital knowledge concerning the indirect effect of e-banking technology adoption and innovative behavior on the study variables.
Copyright (c) 2021 Beatrice Kitigin, Michael Korir, Kefa Chepkwony https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Do Intrinsic Rewards Matter on Motivation?
Section: Research Articles Keywords: intrinsic reward, non financial reward, employee motivation, Bangladesh Purpose- This study investigates the impact of intrinsic rewards (Recognition, Training and Development, Work Environment, Participation in Decision Making, and Workplace Flexibility) on primary school teachers’ motivation at the workplace. Design/Methodology- A survey was conducted using a 5 Likert scale questionnaire among the teachers of different primary schools across Bangladesh. A total of 200 data was gathered through random sampling. SPSS 22.0 is used for analyzing the data. The study employed multiple regression and ANOVA, correlation, reliability test, and descriptive statistics to draw the findings. Findings- The study revealed that intrinsic rewards have a significant effect on teachers’ motivation. All the studied variables (Recognition, Training and Development, Work Environment, Participation in Decision Making, and Workplace Flexibility) have found a statistically significant relationship with Motivation. Moreover, recognition and work environment showed the most robust relationships with teachers’ motivation. Practical Implications- Organizations can use this study's results to comprehend the effect of intrinsic or non-financial rewards on employee motivation. Thus, the research findings could help similar institutions design an appropriate reward package with adequate intrinsic rewards to motivate their employees and ensure better performance at work.
Copyright (c) 2021 Nishath Anjum, Md. Afsarul Islam, Mahmudul Islam Choudhury, Jace Saha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Applications of Social Media in the Tourism Industry: A Review
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, Tourism Keywords: Social Media, Tourism, Consumers and Suppliers Purpose- This study aims to review and analyze the articles related to social media applications and their impact on the tourism industry. Methodology- For conducting this study, three leading databases named Google Scholar, Science Direct, and EBSCO Host were used for data collection purposes, and the research was conducted in three phases. Selecting the database for collecting data was the first phase, which was carried out during the period between November 2020 to December 2020. In the second phase, screening of the collected data was done, and in the final stage, 46 articles were selected to conduct this study. Discussion- Over the last decade, the rapid advancements in information and communication technology (ICTs) have had reflective impacts on the global tourism sector. Both researchers and professionals have acknowledged that social media applications have a significant impact on both suppliers and consumers of the tourism industry. Findings- Based on the reviewed articles from the perspectives of the tourism consumers as well as the tourism suppliers, this study has found that consumers use social media in pre-during-post travel for searching different information and suppliers generally use social media for promotion, communication, management, research purposes.
Copyright (c) 2021 Md. Tariqul Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Appraising Public Value in the Public Sector: Re-evaluation of the Strategic Triangle
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: public value, performance measurement, public sector, the strategic triangle Purpose- This article aims to address public value by assessing public programs and services' success in a more cost-effective way. The study also investigates how public managers and elected officials can use public value to guide their decisions on resource allocation to create value for the citizens. Design/methodology- To meet this study's aims, Mark Moore’s strategic triangle is used as the framework for this study. This is a comprehensive framework that evaluates the performance of public sector programs and service delivery. Data for this study has been collected via a primary scoping of the literature on public value. Database searches were conducted in the Social Sciences Index, SCOPUS journals, ISI Social Sciences Citation Index, and Google Scholar. Findings- From the investigation, the result indicates that public value is created by government or public managers in their daily transactions and by non-profit organizations that articulate their objectives and find popular support for the community's common good. Practical implications- Arguably, public value management provides a necessary improvement to public management theories. It redefines the function of public sector managers in the provision of socially desirable outcomes through citizen engagement. As a progress appraisal tool in public organizations, it offers a broader and inclusive framework than the New Public Management (NPM). Originality/value- This study's results contribute to the knowledge and literature of public value in the public sector. The strategic triangle builds on the challenges and weaknesses of NPM and it aims at reshaping institutions to prioritize value creation for citizens.
Copyright (c) 2021 Malang B.S. Bojang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Role of Knowledge Creation and Absorptive Capacity: A Panel Data Study of Innovation
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Absorptive capacity, Innovation, Knowledge acquisition Purpose- Knowledge creation refers to the ability of firms to create new knowledge that starts from individuals to integrating the firms and then the overall economy. This study suggests that knowledge acquisition in a country has a significant relationship with innovative performance. Design/Methodology- Data from 48 highly HDI countries is taken from World Bank and World Economic Forum. Based on 480 country-year observations in a panel mediator model, it is revealed that the national efforts of boosting knowledge acquisition influence the firms’ innovative performance. Findings- Further, it is found that absorptive capacity in the employability of knowledgeable workers works as a mediator between knowledge acquisition and innovation. Whereby higher knowledge acquisition leads to higher absorptive capacity and higher innovation. Practical Implications- This study builds a quantitative model for the macroeconomic context of knowledge-based view.
Copyright (c) 2021 Kamran Hameed, Noman Arshed, Mubbasher Munir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Behind Covid-19: Panic Buying, Service Convenience in Modern Market Indonesia
Section: Research Articles Categories: COVID-19 Keywords: Purchase decision, Panic buying, Service convenience, Covid-19, Indonesia Purpose- This study aims to analyze the effect of panic buying and service convenience on consumer purchasing decisions in modern markets such as mini markets, supermarkets, and hypermarkets in Surabaya. Design/Methodology- This research makes use of a quantitative approach. The object of this research is consumers who shop at grocery stores during the Covid-19 pandemic between March and June 2020 in the city of Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Within this research, 84 respondents were used as the sample. The process of collecting the data was conducted through online-based questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 23.0 software was used to analyze the research. Findings- The researchers concluded that all existing hypotheses both H1 and H2, were valid. It also showed a significant positive relationship between panic buying, service convenience, and consumer purchasing decision behavior. Practical Implications- Furthermore, the results stated that the modern market must understand the community's conditions and keep up with the latest situation surrounding customers’ needs.
Copyright (c) 2021 Nourissa Dinda Syachadi, Agatha Christy Avega Dumatri, Muhammad Fajar Wahyudi Rahman, Hujjatullah Fazlurrahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determining the Factors of Profitability in Islamic and Conventional Banks Of Pakistan
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Banking, Profitability, Pakistan Banks plays vital role in capitalist economy. During the period of financial turmoil, it has been viewed that banks lost a huge capital due to non-recovery of loans from customers. Since there are two type of banks working in Pakistan therefore this thesis analyse which banks performance was better during the financial crunch between 2008 - 2012. The objective of this thesis is to determine the factor affecting the profitability of Islamic and Conventional banks in Pakistan during the period 2008 – 2012. Data was collected through financial books of seventeen conventional and five Islamic banks. Two dependent variables i.e. Return on Asset and Return on Equity were used to determine the profitability of Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan. Whereas Liquidity, Credit Risk, Capitalization, Efficiency, Bank Size, Economic Performance, Inflation and a dummy variable were used as Independent variables. Panel Data analysis is used to find out the result of secondary data. Initially the analysis was conducted on whole industry, which then applied on Islamic and Conventional banks separately.
Copyright (c) 2018 Mahmood Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Conceptual Framework of Relationship between Human Resource practices and Employee Turnover Intention.
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: HR Practices, Turnover Intentions, Personality Traits Turnover intention has attained substantial consideration in last few decades and has been comprehensively studied because of its deep implications towards today’s organization. Current study attempts to examine the relationship between Human Resource practices and turnover intentions by taking moderating effect of personality traits. This conceptual framework takes into account one dependent variable i.e. Turnover Intention and three independent variables i.e. Pay Satisfaction, Performance Appraisals, Career Management and two moderating variables i.e. Neuroticism, Extroversion.
Copyright (c) 2018 Danial Akhtar Sumbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Capital Structure Dynamics and Bank Affiliation of Business Groups
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Capital Structure, Bank Affiliation, Business Groups, Panel Regress Objective – An empirical investigation to assess the impact of the bank-affiliated business group on firm’s capital structure decisions. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 146 group affiliated firms and subsamples for bank and non-bank affiliated firms was analyzed with random-effect panel regression model to determine the relationship of the bank-affiliated business group on firm’s capital structure determinants of listed firms in Pakistan using data for 2006-2011. Findings – We have found that bank-affiliated firms financing decisions are significantly different from that of non-bank affiliated firms with a common factor of the internal capital market. Bank-affiliated firm capital structure determinants of growth, asset tangibility, non-debt tax shield and operating risk show significantly different association with choice of leverage compared to non-bank affiliated firms. Policy implications – Our results show that group affiliated firms particularly bank-affiliated firms are the reason for market imperfections and have successfully eliminated the market distortions keeping others at a disadvantage. Hence, Policymakers are suggested to improve the regulatory system and its implementation. Originality/value – According to best of our knowledge, this is the first study to extend the literature of firm financing decisions in relation to bank-group affiliation in Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2018 Qamar Uz Zaman Malik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Role Space, Organizational Commitment and Perception about the Organization among Retail/Sales Professionals in Saudi Arabia
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, Organization Commitment, Employee Perception This study examines the relationship between role space and organizational commitment among the sales professionals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the study also examines the relationship between organizational commitment and employee perception about the organization they work for. The data were obtained from 148 sales and retail professionals. The gathered data were then analyzed by using suitable statistical tools. The results demonstrate that role space is significantly and negatively related to overall commitment among the selected respondents. Employee perception of the organization is found significantly positively related to affective commitment, normative commitment, and overall commitment. Regression analysis indicates that the change in overall OC is explained by 43.5% resulting from a change in the selected independent variables.
Copyright (c) 2018 Azeem Syed Mohammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Effective performance Management System: Empirical study from Saudi Arabia
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Performance, Performance Management, Evaluation System The goal of the paper is to find the characteristics which can lead to an effective performance management systems. The paper suggested a model with a set of characteristics in three critical intervals for the performance management process: when identifying performance objectives, when measuring performance, and when developing performance.
Copyright (c) 2018 Saeed M Al saif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Defining and Measuring Professionalism in Professions of Service Sector.
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Professional, Professionalism, Autonomy, Self-Regulation The purpose of this paper is intended to measure the degree of professionalism in the professions like doctors, professors, lawyers, librarians, and advertisers. The study will measure the level of professionalism among them on the base of which their expectations for outcomes in the respective fields can be denied or honored. Moreover, the study will identify problem areas in these professions and opportunities for improving the quality of professional’s work. This study attempts to measure professional’s individual attributes by using questionnaire developed by William Snizek in 1972. This tool measures five factors of professionalism: organization as major referent, belief in public service, belief in self-regulation, sense of calling to the field and autonomy. Professionalism will be measured by calculating means of each factor and collective mean of factors for each profession. The study suggest that all under study professions have professionalism in them but there is room for improvement as well
Copyright (c) 2018 Hiba Khan, Mavra Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Technical Efficiency for Tea Smallholder Farmers under UTZ Certification System in Sri Lanka: A Stochastic Frontier Approach
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance, Business Economics Keywords: Smallholder Tea Farmers, Stochastic Production Frontier, Technical Efficiency, UTZ Certification The study aimed to identify the determinants of the technical efficiency of Smallholder Tea Farmers (STFs) under UTZ certification system in Sri Lanka by employing stochastic production frontier using a sample survey of 75 STFs supported by the UTZ programme conducted between January and March in 2016. The results showed that a small number of STFs (11.8 percent) were over 90 percent efficient and the level of efficiency was found to be negatively related to coefficients of UTZ certified STFs and positively related to number of years with the same plants. The results further showed the labor and fertilizer were the significant factors that determine the tea production of STFs.
Copyright (c) 2018 Hunuwala Malawarage Suranjan Priyanath, S.P. Premaratne, Amina Yoosuf, D. Maurice https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Dogmatism, Profit Maximization, Greater Good, Justice, Equity and Sustainability This essay is a philosophical enquiry into the dogma of profit maximization as one of the dogma premises of capitalism. Being attracted by the cyclical nature of financial crises as an existential challenge the case is argued to be biased and undemocratic in presence of profit maximization as a guiding principle. Philosophy as un-dogmatic procedure seems suitably sustained to keep the notion of maximization alive and leaves ground to draw valid arguments considering theory of greater good and justice. The epistemological approach to understand the efficiency argument as defended seems vague to establish justice, stability and economic democracies. Bottom up approach may resolve the issue using evident and biased ruling of interest tax deductibility under maximization approach and gain greater good and justice at all levels. According to reasonable judgment of consequences “equitable and sustainable wealth creation” tends to be more valid corporate guiding principle negating “maximization of profit”.
Does Involvement of Military Government Affects FDI Inflow in Pakistan?
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: FDI, Exchange Rates, Military Government, Inflation The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of inflation, exchange rate uncertainty, gross domestic product (GDP) and presence of military government in FDI inflows in Pakistan. Annual data from the 1991-2013 is used to validate the results of the studied variables by using OLS regression. According to the expectations inflation, exchange rate and GDP are significant determinants of the FDI in Pakistan during the period of the study but the presence of military government (MG) has not significant effect on the inflow of the FDI in Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2018 Ghullam Mustafa Mir, Muzzamil Hussain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Section: Discussion Categories: Management, SCM Keywords: Supplier Development, Japan The supplier development was one important puzzle to be cracked for the quality revolution that was spearheaded by Japanese. But even more importantly, the bedrock of Japanese model of Supplier Development is Dr. Deming’s philosophy; the philosophy that used to seem counter intuitive before the quality revolution was realized. For instance, Dr. Deming stressed on sole supplier instead of multiple suppliers which are widely used as cushion in case any of them fails to deliver. Secondly, he reversed the nature of buyer and supplier relationship by portraying them as partners. When considered partners, gaining of one party at the expense of other and the resultant friction and dissatisfaction is uprooted in the system. Thirdly, he highlighted the importance of long term relationships with the suppliers and discarded the use of low pricing and bidding as the method of supplier selection. By studying this Japanese model of Supplier Development, I wanted to learn whether these seemingly counter intuitive principle of supplier management work. Most of the work below is derived from supplier development practices of Japanese automakers in general and Toyota and Honda in particular.
Copyright (c) 2018 Moeen Abbas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Econometric Analysis of Causality between Poverty and Crises in Northern Nigeria
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance, Business Economics Keywords: Poverty, Crises, Northern Nigeria, Granger Causality, ARDL Bound Testing to Co-integration The study focuses on the analysis of the causality between poverty and crises in northern Nigeria using the Granger causality test and the ARDL bound testing techniques. The study revealed the presence of causality running from poverty to crises and not the other way round as well as co-integration among the pairs. The long-run estimate thus showing poverty exhibiting a positive effect on crises which deviates from the negative relationship obtained in the short-run. The study thus recommends employing poverty reducing mechanism in the region coupled with the overhauling of the agricultural sector as most of the labor force in the region are unskilled which can be easily absorbed in the sector.
Copyright (c) 2018 Musa Abdullahi Sakanko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relationship between HR Practices & Employee Turnover Intentions by Taking Moderating Effect of Neuroticism and Extroversion.
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Turnover, Turnover Intentions, HR Practices The study is an association study because the relationship between employee turnover intentions and HR practices is studied by taking moderation effect of neuroticism and extroversion. The hypotheses are tested by taking Banking Industry in context of Pakistan. This tested the relationship of different independent factors (HR practices) with employee turnover intentions, the major causes among them, and the magnifying effect of neuroticism and extroversion, and its significance thereon. Data is collected through self-administered questionnaires and is analyzed by using different analytical techniques in SPSS including regression analysis, principal component analysis and descriptive statistics.
Phenomenological Enquiry Into Corporate Social Responsibility
Section: Discussion Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: CSR, Economic Phenomenon, Ulterior Motives The notion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) seems appealing amidst unprecedented corporate affluence and power vis-a-vis abject socio-economic and deteriorating environmental conditions. An increasing number of corporations have started exploiting social responsibility as insurance strategy against government intervention, media reporting and consumer reaction to irresponsible corporate behaviour. Analyzing retrospectively, current Social Responsibility Practices are far away from letter and spirit. This article aims to present critique of concept and practice of CSR. This phenomenological study, analyzing corporate practices, explores the ulterior motives precipitating corporations espouse CSR and finds that Social Responsibility is not social, it is economic phenomenon. The proposed model of CSR can make it social, sustainable and provide much-needed impetus to practice.
Copyright (c) 2018 Muzhar Javed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Increasing Trend of Mergers and its Impact on the Bottom Line
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Merger, Financial institutions performance, Financial ratios Aim of this study is to provide the information to the bankers, government authorities, employees and the investor of the financial institutions about the impact of the merger on the performance of the banks. For this purpose, financial ratios such as the liquidity ratio, loan to deposit ratios are measured to see the short term paying capacity of the banks. Investment ratio such as earning asset to total asset ratio; solvency ratio such as “deposit time capital”; equity capital to total asset, profitability ratios include the interest margin to earning asset are used to analyze the impact of merger and on bank performance. By using ratio analysis, the study concludes if the merger and have a positive relationship with merger.
Copyright (c) 2018 Muzzamil Hussain, Muhammad Mubeen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reflections from Dr. Nick Bontis Scholarly Contributions in the Field of Learning Organization.
Section: Review Article Categories: Management, General Keywords: Nick Bontis, Intellectual capital, Group Learning, Knowledge Flow, Organizational Learning, Knowledge Management The work of Nick Bontis divided into following categories 1. Intellectual capital management which refers to knowledge of a company's employees collectively. Dr. Nick develops a matrix of intellectual capital. 2. Organizational size and Knowledge flow, it describes the flow of information and technical knowledge with respect to learning. Dr. Nick explains the knowledge flow in up and down stream according to the size of organization 3. The organizational learning process in different setting e.g. Group learning and individual learning and their outcomes in diverse cultures. The group learning is more result oriented and cost effective instead of investing on individuals. 4. Managing organizational learning system Aligning Knowledge flow and stock of knowledge. 5. The theory of resource base view of the firms, describe the utilization of resources as competitive advantage. Resources are divided into tangible and non-tangible. This writes up is an effort to explore the areas he has contributed.
Copyright (c) 2018 Muhammad Saad Ameer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Post-Merger Corporate Performance: A Case of NIB Bank Pakistan.
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Merger, Post Merger, Pakistan, Corporate Performance This study measures whether the mergers generate efficient, trustworthy and wide-ranging capital base for the bank that completely comprised mergers and to what range mergers of banks increase the confidence of the investors, the customers, the shareholders and capacity to finance the real time sector. For the purpose total 9 ratios under profitability ratios and other ratios applied on key financial figures to analyze the selected bank performance. Key figures were taken from the website of the NIB bank. Data was taken from 2004-07 before merger and 2008-12 after the merger.
Copyright (c) 2018 Fareeha Batool, Misaal Naeem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Total Quality Management Practices and Supply Chain Management: Understanding Linkages from the Logistics Sector of Pakistan
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, SCM Keywords: Supply chain management, Total quality management, Logistics, Pakistan The study is an outcome of a conceptual framework that establishes the relationship between the total quality management (TQM) practices and supply chain management (SCM) practices. The six TQM practices have taken from the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA). These practices are leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, human resource management, process management, and information analysis. The result is based on the logistics sector in Pakistan. Data is collected from 270 operation manager and top management. Multiple regression analysis is used to derive the results from the collected data. The result shows the strong relationship between the variables. Leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, and human resource management relationship with SCM was found significant. However, process management and information analysis were insignificant relationships with SCM. This study can be used for the implementation of both the systems – TQM and SCM in the organization to drive better results.
Ransomware Attack on Medstar: Ethical Position statement
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Ransomware, Medstar, Crisis Management Medstar Health was the target of ransomware attack in 2016. The attack impacted the provision of healthcare services to the patient. Medstar opted not to pay the ransom and, instead, responded by shutting down its electronic medical record (EMR) systems and restoring the data from the backups. The paper analyzes the event, Medstar’s response and its negligent behavior that allowed the vulnerability to be exploited. The author provides an ethical position statement and recommendation to reduce the chances of any future attacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Najam Ul Hassan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Programming Ethics in Self-Driving Cars: Ethical Dilemma
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, General Keywords: Self driving cars, Ethical programming, Decision management Self-driving cars promise to revolutionize the automotive industry. Besides being productive and fuel-efficient, they would be significantly safer than the human-operated cars. However, in the rare case when they do get into an accident, they can calculate and opt for the reactive measure to take based on their programming. The manufacturer, it seems, must decide the ethics that self-driving cars should follow in such scenarios. In circumstances where they must choose between the lives of the passengers and the pedestrians, some researchers have argued that the best solution is to choose for the safety of the passengers over the pedestrians. Such a strategy, they argue will make sense as cars will have better control over the passenger and, therefore, will help in faster adoption of self-driving cars. However, this line of thinking seems simplistic at best. The author suggests areexamination of the ethical issues while taking into account the social and technological aspects as well.
Effect of Dividend Policy on Firm’s Performance: A Case Study of Cement Sector of Pakistan
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance Keywords: Earning-per-Share, Return on Equity, Dividend policy, Financial performance, Pakistan Cement sector The basic aim of this study is to investigate that whether the dividend policy makes an impact on the firm performance in Pakistan specially in cement sector. Data used have been collected from annual reports of the sample companies and website of Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2016. The results of OLS indicate that there is an insignificant positive relationship between return on equity (ROE) and Dividend per share (D.P.S) which imply that by increasing cost dividend per share, return on equity increases for the selected companies. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship between earning per share (EPS) and return-on-equity (R.O.E) was found. In the case of firm size, significant relationship was found with ROE and financial leverage showed an insignificant relationship with firm performance (R.O.E). Hence this study supports the relevant theories of dividend policy.
Copyright (c) 2018 Abdur Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Jordan Energy Sector Choices and Challenges
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, SCM Keywords: Energy Sector, Analytical Hierarchical Process Energy is the lifeline for the whole of the service and industry sector in any country. Any imbalance in the energy sector is reflected on other sectors and the standard of living in the country. Energy problems are one of the most complex challenges facing governments. Especially in countries that rely on external energy sources. This situation is increased complexity by the presence of immediate changes in international relations and in fuel prices. Jordan is among the countries that depend on foreign energy sources and is located in the most volatile regions of the world in middle of the Middle East. Jordan is suffering from a permanent energy crisis that needs solutions which are compatible with many factors that may affect energy choices and decisions and alternatives available to get out of this crisis. Therefore, this study will attempt to focus on the Jordanian situation and identify the challenges and available choices. A comparison will be made of the available alternatives through Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). The results show that the priority of the energy solutions is to expand the mining of uranium and shale as well as to expand the construction of renewable power plants, as well as maintenance and modernization of existing plants and the establishment of new refineries.
Copyright (c) 2018 Malek Khalaf Albezuirat, Falah Mustafa Al-Saraireh, Muhammad Iqbal Hussain, Rosmaini Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, Social Science Keywords: Emotional Changes, Mental Well Being, Risk Behavior Well-being is a dynamic concept that includes subjective, social, and psychological dimensions as well as health-related behaviors. Adolescents form two-thirds of our population, this is a unique group of people with special needs. The study aims to identify the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of this group and subsequently come up with issues that require special attention. The Competitive environment in every field has propelled maladjustment in different spheres of life such as home, social, health, emotion and educational problems. In order to address adolescents’ psychological issues, it becomes everyone’s responsibility to give assistance to protect the future generation.
Copyright (c) 2018 Sheeba Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Idea of Collateral and Guarantor in Islamic Bank Financing
Section: Research Articles Categories: Finance, Islamic Finance Keywords: Collateral, Guarantor, Islamic Finance, Shariah This study explores the idea of Islamic banks requesting for collateral or guarantee when financing, the rationale for requesting loan security, and its acceptability from Islamic perspectives. The study reviewed the previous literature and Islamic injunctions to study and justify the use of collateral and guarantor to hedge the risk of financing default. It is found that Islamic banks like conventional banking system encourage requesting loan security to ensure borrowers’ commitment and protect investors’ wealth. Despite its effect on loan rejection, secured loans are found to be recovered more easily than unsecured loans. Government and Islamic banks are therefore advised to device mean for helping small-scale businesses to access financing, through credit guarantee schemes and participatory financing mechanisms, to enhance financial inclusion.
Copyright (c) 2018 Idris Yahaya Adamu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Affecting life Satisfaction of Employees under Financial Threat
Section: Research Articles Categories: Management, HRM Keywords: Economic Hardships, Prospective Anxiety, Work-related Stress, Life Satisfaction, Financial threat Purpose- Life satisfaction is a level in which feelings of people are affected positively or negatively about their lives. Employees whose lives are more satisfied are generally more committed with their works, reveal low absenteeism and more efficient in doing duties. This study aims to investigate what factors affect life satisfaction of employees in the banking sector specifically in the Pakistani context. Design/Methodology- The target population of this study was non-managerial employees of banks in Lahore. Total 340 questionnaires were distributed among employees in which 60 were filled incomplete and 30 were lost. The data were collected through self-administered questionnaires distributed to 250 respondents. Findings- The findings of structural equation modeling showed that economic hardship, prospective anxiety, and work stress has a negative impact on life satisfaction. Results also show that economic hardship and prospective anxiety has a positive impact on the financial threat. The financial threat is negatively related to life satisfaction. Practical Implications- It can also help managers to understand the insight of employee adverse financial decision making. Managers also make guidelines which may minimize all the consequences of psychological distress. It also helps in identifying methods to reduce anxiety, stress and economic hardship.
Copyright (c) 2019 Dr. Rizwan Qaisar Danish, Rabia Shahid, Hafiz Fawad Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0