Do Intrinsic Rewards Matter on Motivation? Evidence from Primary School Teachers of Bangladesh

Authors

Nishath Anjum  1 , Md. Afsarul Islam  2 , Mahmudul Islam Choudhury  3 , Jace Saha  4
Metropolitan University, Sylhet, Bangladesh 1 , Metropolitan University, Sylhet, Bangladesh 2 , Metropolitan University, Sylhet, Bangladesh 3 , Metropolitan University, Sylhet, Bangladesh 4
“crossref”/
Views: 3633  
Downloads: 2040  

Main Article Content

Abstract

Purpose- This study investigates the impact of intrinsic rewards (Recognition, Training and Development, Work Environment, Participation in Decision Making, and Workplace Flexibility) on primary school teachers’ motivation at the workplace.


Design/Methodology- A survey was conducted using a 5 Likert scale questionnaire among the teachers of different primary schools across Bangladesh. A total of 200 data was gathered through random sampling. SPSS 22.0 is used for analyzing the data. The study employed multiple regression and ANOVA, correlation, reliability test, and descriptive statistics to draw the findings.


Findings- The study revealed that intrinsic rewards have a significant effect on teachers’ motivation. All the studied variables (Recognition, Training and Development, Work Environment, Participation in Decision Making, and Workplace Flexibility) have found a statistically significant relationship with Motivation. Moreover, recognition and work environment showed the most robust relationships with teachers’ motivation.


Practical Implications- Organizations can use this study's results to comprehend the effect of intrinsic or non-financial rewards on employee motivation. Thus, the research findings could help similar institutions design an appropriate reward package with adequate intrinsic rewards to motivate their employees and ensure better performance at work.

Article Details

Anjum, N., Islam, M. A., Choudhury, M. I. ., & Saha, J. (2021). Do Intrinsic Rewards Matter on Motivation? Evidence from Primary School Teachers of Bangladesh. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 4(1), 47-58. https://doi.org/10.33215/sjom.v4i1.534 (Original work published 2021)
Research Articles

Aarabi, M. S., Subramaniam, I. D., & Akeel, A. B. (2013). Relationship between Motivational Factors and Job Performance of Employees in Malaysian Service Industry. Asian Social Science, 9(9), 300-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n9p301

Ahmed, S., Mohamed, T., Oyagi, B., & Tirimba, O. I. (2015). Assessment of Non-Financial Motivation on Employee Productivity: Case of Ministry of Finance Headquarters in Hargeisa Somaliland. International Journal of Business Management & Economic Research, 6(6), 400-416.

Ali, R., & Ahmed, M. S. (2009). The impact of reward and recognition programs on employee’s motivation and satisfaction: an empirical study. International review of business research papers, 5(4), 270-279.

Armstrong, M. (1999). Human resource management practice. Great Britain: Kogan Page Limited.

Armstrong, M., & Brown, d. (2006). Strategic reward: Great Britain: Kogan page ltd.

Armstrong, M., & Murlis, H. (2007). Reward management: A handbook of remuneration strategy and practice: Kogan Page Publishers.

Bal, P. M., & De Lange, A. H. (2014). From flexibility human resource management to employee engagement and perceived job performance across the lifespan: A multi-sample study’. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 88(1), 126–154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12082

Bari, N., Arif, U., & Shoaib, A. (2013). Impact of Non-Financial Rewards on Employee Attitude and Performance in the Workplace. A Case Study of Business Institute of Karachi. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, Pakistan, 4(7), 2554-2559.

Baskar, P., & Prakash Rajkumar, K. (2015). A study on the impact of rewards and recognition on employee motivation. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(11), 1644-1648.

Beardwell, J., & Claydon, T. (2007). Human resource management: A contemporary approach: Pearson Education.

Bebchuk, L. A., K, M. C., & U, C. P. (2011). The CEO pay slice. Journal of Financial Economics, 102(1), 199-221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.05.006

Bhuiyan, M. A. H. (2010). Employee participation in decision making in RMG sector of Bangladesh: Correlation with motivation and performance. Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka), 5(2), 122-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v5i2.9984

Board, L. (2007). Coaching a stockholder on performance improvement option. Paper presented at the ASTD International conference Atlanta GA, USA.

Chan, K.-Y., & Drasgow, F. (2001). Toward a theory of individual differences and leadership: understanding the motivation to lead. Journal of applied psychology, 86(3), 481. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.481

Cotton, J. L. (1993). Employee involvement: Methods for improving performance and work attitudes: Sage Publications, Inc.

Dabale, W. P., Jagero, N., & Nyauchi, M. (2014). The relationship between training and employee performance: the case of Mutare City council, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 4(4), 61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v4i4.6620

Danish, R. Q., & Usman, A. (2010). Impact of reward and recognition on job satisfaction and motivation: An empirical study from Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(2), 159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n2p159

Denton, K. (1987). Effective Appraisals: Key to Employee Motivation. Industrial Engineering, 19(12), 24-30.

Flynn, G. (1998). Is your recognition program understood? Workforce, 7(77), 30-35.

Ford, C. R., & Myron, D. F. (1995). Empowerment: A Matter of Degree. Academy of Management Executive, 9(3), 21-31.

Gkorezis, P., & Kastritsi, A. (2017). Employee expectations and intrinsic motivation: work-related boredom as a mediator. 39(1), 100-111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-02-2016-0025

Güllü, T. (2016). Impact of training and development programs on motivation of employees in banking sector. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 4(6), 90-99.

Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work Redesign: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, PA.

Halbesleben, J. R., & Wheeler, A. R. (2007). The costs and benefits of working with those you love: A demand/resource perspective on working with family. Research in Occupational Stress and Well-being, 6, 115-163.

Hameed, A., Ramzan, M., & Zubair, H. M. K. (2014). Impact of compensation on employee performance (empirical evidence from banking sector of Pakistan). International journal of business and social science, 5(2).

Hornung, S., Rousseau, D. M., & Glaser, J. (2008). Creating flexible work arrangements through idiosyncratic deals. Journal of applied psychology, 93(3), 655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.655

Hughes, O. E. (2012). Public management and administration: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-00305-8

Ivancevich, J., & Matteson, M. T. (1988). Organizational behavior and management: New McGraw-Hill.

Joyce, K., Pabayo, R., Critchley, J. A., & Bambra, C. (2010). Flexible working conditions and their effects on employee health and wellbeing. Cochrane database of systematic reviews(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008009.pub2

Kefay, K., & Kero, C. A. (2019). The effect of non-financial incentive scheme on employees’ motivation (in case of commercial bank of Ethiopia in Jimma Town).

Korlén, S., Essén, A., Lindgren, P., Amer-Wahlin, I., & von Thiele Schwarz, U. (2017). Managerial strategies to make incentives meaningful and motivating. Journal of health organization and management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-06-2016-0122

Kossek, E. E., & Thompson, R. J. (2016). Workplace flexibility: Integrating employer and employee perspectives to close the research–practice implementation gap. The Oxford handbook of work and family, 255.

Kulkarni, P. P. (2013). A literature review on training & development and quality of work life. Researchers World, 4(2), 136.

Kumar, D., Hossain, M. Z., & Nasrin, M. S. (2015). Impact of non-financial rewards on employee motivation. Asian Accounting and Auditing Advancement, 5(1), 18-25.

Naong, M. (2014). The impact of skills-development training on lower-level employee’s motivation and job satisfaction–A case-study of five South African companies. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p369

Noah, Y. (2008). A study of worker participation in management decision making within selected establishments in Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of social sciences, 17(1), 31-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2008.11892631

Nyandema, C. O., & Were, S. (2014). Role of reward systems in employee motivation in Kenyan deposit taking micro finance institutions, a case study of Faulu Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences Management and Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 203-220.

Oribabor, P. (2000). Human resources management, A strategic approval. Human Resources Management, 9(4), 21-24.

Ostroff, C. (1992). The relationship between satisfaction, attitudes, and performance: An organizational level analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 77(6), 963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.77.6.963

Pinto, L. F. S., & dos Santos, C. D. (2018). Motivations of crowdsourcing contributors. Innovation & Management Review. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/INMR-02-2018-004

Richman, A. L., Civian, J. T., Shannon, L. L., Jeffrey Hill, E., & Brennan, R. T. (2008). The relationship of perceived flexibility, supportive work–life policies, and use of formal flexible arrangements and occasional flexibility to employee engagement and expected retention. Community, work and family, 11(2), 183-197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13668800802050350

Robbins, S. P. (2009). organisational behaviour in Southern Africa: Pearson South Africa.

Salas, E., & Cannon-Bowers, J. (2000). The anatomy of team training. In, S. Tobias & JD Fletcher (Eds.) Training and Retraining: A Handbook for Business, Industry, Government, and the Military (p. 312-335): New York, NY: Macmillan.

Setiyani, A., Djumarno, D., Riyanto, S., & Nawangsari, L. (2019). The Effect of Work Environment on Flexible Working Hours, Employee Engagement and Employee Motivation. International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(3), 112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.8114

Shafiq, M. M., & Naseem, M. A. (2011). Association between Reward and Employee motivation: A case study Banking Sector of Pakistan. Available at SSRN 1857663. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1857663

Sila, A. K. (2014). Relationship between training and performance: A case study of Kenya women finance trust eastern Nyanza region, Kenya. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 3(1), 95-117.

Smith, C. S., & Brannick, M. T. (1990). A role and expectancy model of participative decision‐making: A replication and theoretical extension. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11(2), 91-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030110202

Tausif, M. (2012). Influence of non financial rewards on job satisfaction: A case study of educational sector of Pakistan. Asian Journal of Management Research, 2(2).

Wagner III, J. A. (1994). Participation's effects on performance and satisfaction: A reconsideration of research evidence. Academy of Management Review, 19(2), 312-330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1994.9410210753

Wasiu, B. O., & Adebajo, A. A. (2014). Reward system and employees performance in Lagos State: A study of selected public secondary schools. Kuwait chapter of Arabian journal of business and management review, 33(2536), 1-15.

Wayne, J. H., Casper, W. J., Matthews, R. A., & Allen, T. D. (2013). Family-supportive organization perceptions and organizational commitment: The mediating role of work–family conflict and enrichment and partner attitudes. Journal of applied psychology, 98(4), 606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032491

Wegge, J., Jeppesen, H. J., Weber, W. G., Pearce, C. L., Silva, S. A., Pundt, A., . . . Unterrainer, C. (2011). Promoting work motivation in organizations. Journal of Personnel Psychology.

Yousaf, S., Latif, M., Aslam, S., & Saddiqui, A. (2014). Impact of financial and non financial rewards on employee motivation. Middle-East Journal of scientific research, 21(10), 1776-1786.

Yusoff, W. F. W., & Kian, T. S. (2013). Generation differences in work motivation: From developing country perspective. International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, 2(4), 97-103.

Zlate, M. (2004). Treaty of organizational-managerial psychology, vol. I: Polirom Press, Iasi.