Organizational and Demographic Level Diversity Practices and Employees Performance
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – The study's primary objective was to investigate the relationship between organizational level diversity practices, demographic level diversity practices, and employees` performance at selected higher educational institutions in Kabul, Afghanistan.
Findings – The findings support a positive relationship between variables; furthermore, the study revealed high contributive implications in both academic and non – academic arena. Moreover, the research suggests, diversity management practices must be considered critical as they can contribute to employees` performance.
Sampling – For the current study, four major universities were selected. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed, respondents were asked to mention their demographic characteristics, and answered the questions from (1) strongly disagree to (5) agree.
Analysis – The current study used SPSS 24.0 version for data analysis collected from the respondents; some necessary regression tests were implemented for the study.
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2021 Mohmmad Qasim Ayaz, Abdul Qahar, Dr. Raza Ullah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
Austin, J. R. (1997). a Cognitive Framework for Understanding Demographic Influences in Groups. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis (Vol. 5, Issue 4, pp. 342–359). https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028873 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028873
Aydan, O. (2016). The effects of diversity management on job satisfaction and individual performance of teachers. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(3), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.5897/err2015.2573 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2015.2573
Ayeri, O. S., Christian, V. R., Josef, E., & Michael, H. (2012). Local perceptions and responses to climate change and variability: The case of Laikipia District, Kenya. Sustainability, 4(12), 3302–3325. https://doi.org/10.3390/su4123302 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su4123302
Bassett-Jones, N. (2005). The paradox of diversity management, creativity, and innovation. Creativity and Innovation Management, 14(2), 169–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.00337.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.00337.x
Binnall, J. M. (2019). Jury diversity in the age of mass incarceration: an exploratory mock jury experiment examining felon-jurors' potential impacts on deliberations. Psychology, Crime and Law, 25(4), 345–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2018.1528359 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2018.1528359
Blau, P. M. (1977). A Macrocosial Theory of Social Structure. In American Journal of Sociology (Vol. 83, Issue 1, pp. 26–54). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/226505
Buttner, E. H., Lowe, K. B., & Billings-Harris, L. (2010). Diversity climate impact on employee of color outcomes: Does justice matter? Career Development International, 15(3), 239–258. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431011053721 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431011053721
Cho, S., & Barak, M. E. M. (2008). Understanding of diversity and inclusion in a perceived homogeneous culture: A study of organizational commitment and job performance among Korean employees. Administration in Social Work, 32(4), 100–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/03643100802293865 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03643100802293865
Choi, S., & Rainey, H. G. (2014). Organizational Fairness and Diversity Management in Public Organizations: Does Fairness Matter in Managing Diversity? Review of Public Personnel Administration, 34(4), 307–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X13486489 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X13486489
Corp, T. S. (2008). No Title血清及尿液特定蛋白检测在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的意义. 2–5.
Cox, T. H., Lobel, S. A., & McLeod, P. L. (1991). Effects of Ethnic Group Cultural Differences on Cooperative and Competitive Behavior On a Group Task. Academy of Management Journal, 34(4), 827–847. https://doi.org/10.5465/256391 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256391
Daver, F., & Demirel, B. (2012). A simulation study of the effect of preform cooling time in injection stretch blow molding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212(11), 2400–2405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.06.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.06.004
Deogracias, J. J., Johnson, L. L., Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L., Kessler, S. J., Schober, J. M., & Zucker, K. J. (2007). The gender identity/gender dysphoria questionnaire for adolescents and adults. Journal of Sex Research, 44(4), 370–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490701586730 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490701586730
Dwyer, S., Richard, O. C., & Chadwick, K. (2003). Gender diversity in management and firm performance: The influence of growth orientation and organizational culture. Journal of Business Research, 56(12), 1009–1019. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00329-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00329-0
Effects_of_Team_Gender_and_Racial_Composition_on_P.pdf. (n.d.).
Gottman, J. M., Coan, J., Carrere, S., Swanson, C., Gottman, J. M., Coan, J., Carrere, S., & Swanson, C. (1998). Predicting Marital Happiness and Stability from Newlywed Interactions Published by : National Council on Family Relations Predicting Marital Happiness and Stability from Newlywed Interactions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 60(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/job DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/353438
Heath, R., & Leichty, G. (2014). Social Exchange Theory. Encyclopedia of Public Relations. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452276236.n454 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452276236.n454
Heylen, K., Vanparys, B., Wittebolle, L., Verstraete, W., Boon, N., & De Vos, P. (2006). Cultivation of denitrifying bacteria: Optimization of isolation conditions and diversity study. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(4), 2637–2643. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.4.2637-2643.2006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.4.2637-2643.2006
Jin, H., & Martin, C. (1999). Multifunctionality and diversity within the plant MYB-gene family. Plant Molecular Biology, 41(5), 577–585. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006319732410 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006319732410
Lee, S. (2010). 기사 (Article) 와 안내문 (Information) [. The Electronic Library, 34(1), 1–5.
Lenstra, J. A., Groeneveld, L. F., Eding, H., Kantanen, J., Williams, J. L., Taberlet, P., Nicolazzi, E. L., Sölkner, J., Simianer, H., Ciani, E., Garcia, J. F., Bruford, M. W., Ajmone-Marsan, P., & Weigend, S. (2012). Molecular tools and analytical approaches for the characterization of farm animal genetic diversity. Animal Genetics, 43(5), 483–502. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02309.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02309.x
Madera, J. M. (2013). Best Practices in Diversity Management in Customer Service Organizations: An Investigation of Top Companies Cited by Diversity Inc. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965513475526 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965513475526
Milliken and Martins, L. L. (1996). Searching for Common Threads : Understanding the Multiple Effects of Diversity in Organizational Groups Author ( s ): Frances J . Milliken and Luis L. Martins Source : The Academy of Management Review, Vol . 21, No . 2 ( Apr ., 1996 ), pp. 402-433 Pub. Academy of Management Review, 21(2), 402–433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1996.9605060217
Pitts, D. (2005). Pitts 2009 Diversity Management Job Satisfaction and Performance.
Prieto, L., & others. (2011). Linking Workplace Diversity To Organizational Performance: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Diversity Management (JDM), 4(4), 13–22. http://journals.cluteonline.com/index.php/JDM/article/view/4966 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/jdm.v4i4.4966
Proceedings_acp_part.pdf. (n.d.).
Rainey, H. G. (n.d.). Managing Diversity in U.S. Federal Agencies: Effects of Diversity and Diversity Management on Employee Perceptions of Organizational Performance.
Richter, A. W., Hirst, G., van Knippenberg, D., & Baer, M. (2012). Creative self-efficacy and individual creativity in team contexts: Cross-level interactions with team informational resources. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(6), 1282–1290. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029359 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029359
Roberson, L., Kulik, C. T., & Pepper, M. B. (2003). Using needs assessment to resolve controversies in diversity training design. Group and Organization Management, 28(1), 148–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601102250028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601102250028
Rodgers, J. O., & Hunter, M. (2003). Effective Diversity Management. Handbook of Business Strategy, 4(1), 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb060272 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb060272
Shaw, F. A., Malokin, A., Mokhtarian, P. L., & Circella, G. (2019). It's not all fun and games: An investigation of the reported benefits and disadvantages of conducting activities while commuting. Travel Behaviour and Society, 17, 8–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2019.05.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2019.05.008
Shen, C., Liang, W., Shi, Y., Lin, X., Zhang, H., Wu, X., Xie, G., Chain, P., Grogan, P., & Chu, H. (2014). Contrasting elevational diversity patterns between eukaryotic soil microbes and plants. Ecology, 95(11), 3190–3202. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0310.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0310.1
Turner, J. C., Brown, R. J., & Tajfel, H. (1979). Social comparison and group interest in ingroup favouritism. European Journal of Social Psychology, 9(2), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420090207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420090207
Van Knippenberg, D., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Homan, A. C. (2004). Work group diversity and group performance: An integrative model and research agenda. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 1008–1022. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.1008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.1008
Voci, A., & Hewstone, M. (2003). Intergroup Contact and Prejudice Toward Immigrants in Italy: The Mediational Role of Anxiety and the Moderational Role of Group Salience. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 6(1), 37–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430203006001011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430203006001011
Wirth, N. (1977). What Can We Do about the Unnecessary Diversity of Notation for Syntactic Definitions? Communications of the ACM, 20(11), 822–823. https://doi.org/10.1145/359863.359883 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/359863.359883
Zingone, A., Percopo, I., Sims, P. A., & Sarno, D. (2005). Diversity in the genus Skeletonema (Bacillariophyceae). I. A reexamination of the type material of S. costatum with the description of S. grevillei sp. nov. Journal of Phycology, 41(1), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.04066.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.04066.x