Entrepreneurial Education and Self-employment: Does Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Matter?
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose – The study sought to determine the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and self-employment intentions.
Design – A cross-sectional and explanatory survey approach was employed using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected from a sample of 458 undergraduate finalists from two Ugandan universities.
Results – Results of the study indicate that two predictors significantly influence self-employment intentions. Results also suggest that entrepreneurial self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurship education and self-employment intentions.
Implications – Curriculum developers should develop entrepreneurship curriculum content geared towards stimulation of self-employment intentions among learners via entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Second, educational and economic policymakers should design policies and programs like startup capital to enable graduates to realize their self-employment intentions.
Originality/value – The study provides initial evidence on the mediating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy between entrepreneurship education and self-employment intentions.
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2021 Moses Kisubi, Michael Korir, Ronald Bonuke
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abdullahi, A. I., Zainol, F. A., Daud, W. N. W., & Yazid, A. S. (2017). Entrepreneurial intention Revisited: Measuring the Impact of Socio-Cultural Business Environment using Structural Equation Modeling. World Applied Sciences Journal, 35(8), 1445-1456.
Afolabi, M. O., Kareem, F. A., Okubanjo, I. O., Ogunbanjo, O. A., & Aninkan, O. O. (2017). Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Self-Employment Initiatives among Nigerian Science & Technology Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(15), 44-51.
Ajzen, I. (1991a). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.
Ajzen, I. (1991b). The theory of planned behavior. Orgnizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ajzen, I. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: reactions and reflections: Taylor & Francis. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2011.613995
Awiti, A. O. (2016). The Uganda youth survey report.
Babyetsiza, J. (2019). Development of gainful self-employment skills amongst tertiary education graduates: perceptions, expectations and experiences at Ankole Western University in Uganda. Africa Journal of Public Sector Development and Governance, 2(2), 96-118.
Baluku, M. M., Bantu, E., & Otto, K. (2018). Effect of Locus of Control on Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Self-Employment Intentions: The Moderating Role of Individualism. Journal of enterprising culture, 26(03), 251-283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495818500103
Balunywa, W., Rosa, P., Dawa, S., Namatovu, R., Kyejjusa, S., & Ntamu, D. (2013). Global entrepreneurship monitor: GEM Uganda 2012 executive report: Kampala: Makerere University Business School and International Development ….
Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 248-287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-self efficacy: The exercise of control: New York: Freeman.
Bandura, A. (2002). Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Applied psychology, 51(2), 269-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00092
Bandura, A. (2005). The evolution of social cognitive theory. Great minds in management, 9-35.
Barba-Sánchez, V., & Atienza-Sahuquillo, C. (2017). Entrepreneurial motivation and self-employment: evidence from expectancy theory. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13(4), 1097-1115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0441-z
Barba-Sánchez, V., & Atienza-Sahuquillo, C. (2018). Entrepreneurial intention among engineering students: The role of entrepreneurship education. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 24(1), 53-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2017.04.001
Boukamcha, F. (2015). Impact of training on entrepreneurial intention: an interactive cognitive perspective. European Business Review, 27(6), 593-616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-12-2014-0090
De Noble, A., Jung, D., & Ehrlich, S. (1999). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: the development of a measure and its relationship to entrepreneurial action (Paper). Babson Park, MA: Babson College. Document Number.
Ebewo, P. E., Rugimbana, R., & Shambare, R. (2017). Effects of Entrepreneurship Education on Students' Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Case of Botswana. Management, 5(4), 278-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2185/2017.04.002
Ebewo, P. E., Shambare, R., & Rugimbana, R. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions of Tshwane University of Technology, Arts and Design students. African Journal of Business Management, 11(9), 175-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM2017.8253
Faloye, D. O., & Olatunji, O. D. (2018). Entrepreneurship education and self-employment intentions among fresh graduates in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 9(12), 146-158.
Farashah, D. A. (2013). The process of impact of entrepreneurship education and training on entrepreneurship perception and Intention: Study of educational system of Iran. Education+ Training, 55(8/9), 868-885. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-04-2013-0053
Gall, M., Gall, J., & Borg, W. (2007). An Introduction to Educational Design Research. East, 129.
Gelaidan, H. M., & Abdullateef, A. O. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions of business students in Malaysia: the role of self-confidence, educational and relation support. Journal of small business and Enterprise Development, 24(1), 54-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-06-2016-0078
Gerba, T. D. (2012). Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of business and engineering students in Ethiopia. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 3(2), 258-277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/20400701211265036
Harinie, L. T., Sudiro, A., Rahayu, M., & Fatchan, A. (2017). Study of the Bandura's social cognitive learning theory for the entrepreneurship learning process. Social Sciences, 6(1), 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20170601.11
Hayes, A. F. (2018). Partial, conditional, and moderated moderated mediation: Quantification, inference, and interpretation. Communication Monographs, 85(1), 4-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2017.1352100
Henley, A. (2005). From entrepreneurial aspiration to business startup: Evidence from British longitudinal data: European Business Management School, University of Wales, Swansea.
Iglesias-Sánchez, P. P., Jambrino-Maldonado, C., Velasco, A. P., & Kokash, H. (2016). Impact of entrepreneurship programmes on university students. Education+ Training, 58(2), 209-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-01-2015-0004
Ismail, N., Jaffar, N., & Hooi, T. S. (2013). Using EAO model to predict the self-employment intentions among the Universities' Undergraduates in Malaysia. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 4(5), 282. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7763/IJTEF.2013.V4.302
Joensuu, S., Viljamaa, A., Varamäki, E., & Tornikoski, E. (2013). Development of entrepreneurial Intention in higher education and the effect of gender–a latent growth curve analysis. Education+ Training, 55(8/9), 781-803. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-06-2013-0084
Karlsson, T., & Moberg, K. (2013). Improving perceived entrepreneurial abilities through education: Exploratory testing of an entrepreneurial self efficacy scale in a pre-post setting. The International Journal of Management Education, 11(1), 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2012.10.001
Kim-Soon, N., Ahmad, A. R., & Ibrahim, N. N. (2014). Entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurship career intention: Case at a Malaysian Public University. Crafting Global Competitive Economies, 2020, 1001-1011.
Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
Liguori, E. W., Bendickson, J. S., & McDowell, W. C. (2018). Revisiting entrepreneurial intentions: a social cognitive career theory approach. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(1), 67-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0462-7
Liñán, F. (2004). Intention-based models of entrepreneurship education. Piccolla Impresa/Small Business, 3(1), 11-35.
Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross–cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 33(3), 593-617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x
Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 195-218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0154-z
MacKinnon, D. (2012). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203809556
Mahendra, A. M., Djatmika, E. T., & Hermawan, A. (2017). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention Mediated by Motivation and Attitude among Management Students, State University of Malang, Indonesia. International Education Studies, 10(9), 61-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n9p61
Majogoro, K., & Mgabo, M. R. (2012). Self-employment intention among university students: testing Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour (TPB). International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 2(8), 67-84.
Margahana, H., & Negara, S. T. (2019). Self efficacy, self personality and self confidence on entrepreneurial intention: study on young enterprises. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(1).
Matlay, H., Abaho, E., Olomi, D. R., & Urassa, G. C. (2015). Students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy: does the teaching method matter? Education+ Training.
Michelle, K., & Tendai, C. (2016). The association of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention among university students in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 12(3), 200-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2016.11890427
Miranda, F. J., Chamorro-Mera, A., & Rubio, S. (2017). Academic entrepreneurship in Spanish universities: An analysis of the determinants of entrepreneurial intention. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 23(2), 113-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2017.01.001
Muharam, F. M., & Serah, A. T. (2014). The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education: An Investigation of Undergraduate Student Self-Employment Intention.
Nabi, G., & Holden, R. (2008). Graduate entrepreneurship: intentions, education and training. Education+ Training, 50(7), 545-551. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910810909018
Nabi, G., Holden, R., & Walmsley, A. (2010). From student to entrepreneur: towards a model of graduate entrepreneurial career‐making. Journal of Education and Work, 23(5), 389-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2010.515968
Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., & Walmsley, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: A systematic review and research agenda. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 16(2), 277-299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2015.0026
Navarro-Rivera, J., & Kosmin, B. A. (2011). Surveys and questionnaires. The Routledge Handbook of Research Methods in the Stduy of Religion. London: Routledge, 395-420.
Ngoma, M., & Dithan Ntale, P. (2016). Psychological capital, career identity and graduate employability in Uganda: the mediating role of social capital. International Journal of Training and Development, 20(2), 124-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12073
Nowiński, W., & Haddoud, M. Y. (2019). The role of inspiring role models in enhancing entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Research, 96, 183-193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.005
Nowiński, W., Haddoud, M. Y., Lančarič, D., Egerová, D., & Czeglédi, C. (2019). The impact of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and gender on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in the Visegrad countries. Studies in Higher Education, 44(2), 361-379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1365359
Ntale, P., Ssempebwa, J., Musisi, B., Ngoma, M., Genza, G. M., Kimoga, J., . . . Balunywa, W. (2020). Interagency collaboration for graduate employment opportunities in Uganda. Education+ Training. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-08-2019-0193
Piperopoulos, P., & Dimov, D. (2015). Burst bubbles or build steam? Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self‐efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of small business management, 53(4), 970-985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12116
Puni, A., Anlesinya, A., & Korsorku, P. D. A. (2018). Entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy and intentions in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 9(4), 492-511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-09-2017-0211
Rasmussen, E. A., & Sørheim, R. (2006). Action-based entrepreneurship education. Technovation, 26(2), 185-194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2005.06.012
Schmutzler, J., Andonova, V., & Diaz-Serrano, L. (2018). How context shapes entrepreneurial self-efficacy as a driver of entrepreneurial intentions: A multilevel approach. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 1042258717753142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717753142
Shahab, Y., Chengang, Y., Arbizu, A. D., & Haider, M. J. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention: do entrepreneurial creativity and education matter? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(2), 259-280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-12-2017-0522
Shinnar, R. S., Hsu, D. K., & Powell, B. C. (2014). Self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intentions, and gender: Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education longitudinally. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 561-570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2014.09.005
Shook, C. L., & Bratianu, C. (2010). Entrepreneurial intent in a transitional economy: an application of the theory of planned behavior to Romanian students. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6(3), 231-247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-008-0091-2
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument; How to Test the Validation of a Questionnaire/Survey in a Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(3), 28-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205040
Tharenou, P., Donohue, R., & Cooper, B. (2007). Management research methods: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511810527
Vanevenhoven, J., & Liguori, E. (2013). The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education: Introducing the E ntrepreneurship Education Project. Journal of small business management, 51(3), 315-328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12026
Vuorio, A. M., Puumalainen, K., & Fellnhofer, K. (2018). Drivers of entrepreneurial intentions in sustainable entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 24(2), 359-381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-03-2016-0097
Wang, J.-H., Chang, C.-C., Yao, S.-N., & Liang, C. (2016). The contribution of self-efficacy to the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention. Higher Education, 72(2), 209-224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9946-y
Watson, J., Gatewood, E. J., Lewis, K., Dempsey, D., & Jennings, J. (2014). Gender and entrepreneurial self-efficacy: a learning perspective. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship.
Welsh, D. H., Tullar, W. L., & Nemati, H. (2016). Entrepreneurship education: Process, method, or both? Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 1(3), 125-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.01.005
Wolfe, M. T., & Patel, P. C. (2018). Racing to get self-employed? Life history models and self-employment. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 10, e00093. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2018.e00093
Wu, S., & Wu, L. (2008). The impact of higher education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in China. Journal of small business and Enterprise Development, 15(4), 752-774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000810917843
Yamane, T. (1973). Statistics: An introduction analysis, 2nd Ed., New York; Harper & Row.